The Seventh Day Baptists were first known as Sabbatarians, but the term Seventh Day Baptists was adopted by them in England soon after the Reformation.
The Seventh Day Baptists do not claim an unbroken succession in the matter of church organization before the Reformation. At that time a number forsook Sunday observance and accepted the seventh day as the Sabbath.
Among early advocates of the seventh day were John Trask, Theophilus Brabourne, Philip Tandy, and James Ockford. No regular churches were organized until about 1650 because of oppression. Within fifty years of that date there were eleven Sabbatarian churches in England, besides matiy scattered Sabbathkeepers. Eight of these churches are now extinct.
From an early period it was the practice of the Sabbatarian preachers and pastors to accept pastoral care of churches observing the first day, as well as the Seventh Day Baptist churches. This might be the cause of the decline of the early Seventh Day Baptist churches in England.
Seventh Day Baptist churches in America are the immediate outgrowth of similar societies existing in England during the last half of the seventeenth century. In 1664 Stephen Mumford, a Sabbath-keeper, emigrated from London to Newport, Rhode Island, escaping from the persecution which was being inflicted upon leading observers of the Bible Sabbath in Great Britain.
Mr. Mumford held "that the Ten Commandments, as they were delivered from Mount Sinai, were moral and immutable," and that the seventh day of the week is the only Sabbath of the Lord. He believed it was an antichristian power which changed the day of observance. Shortly after his arrival he convinced several members of the First Baptist Church of Newport that his opinions were supported by the teachings of the Word of God. On December 23, 1671, the first Seventh Day Baptist church was organized at Newport, composed of seven members.
For more than thirty years after its organization the Newport church included nearly all the persons observing the seventh day in the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut. The Seventh Day Baptists in Rhode Island were co-laborers with Roger Williams and Dr. John Clark in establishing the colony on the principles of civil and religious liberty. Seventh Day Baptists also joined with the Baptists in founding and supporting Brown University.