To whom is this reference applied?

[RighteousnessTemperance&]

Well, "this" is a rather nebulous term, but I'll go out on a limb here and say that "he" and "Mediator" apply to Christ while "those who are called" applies to those who are called. This seems to follow clearly from the passage. Perhaps you have a more specific question?

 

[Aaron]

Doesn’t it state, “…To those who are called…” ?

Yes, of the Jews and the nations. The good tidings of great joy were to all people.

 

[AustinC]

Here is a short statement from Hebrews:

Hebrews 9:13–15 (NKJV): 13 For if the blood of bulls and goats and the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, sanctifies for the purifying of the flesh, 14 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? 15 And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.
​

Does this apply to the Jews?

Does this apply to Gentiles?

Does this apply to both Jews and Gentiles?

Previously, the writer was comparing how the earthly worship center and the earthly administration of that center was a picture of that unseen and not made by humans. That the covenant originally given was vanishing as a new was established, and all Israel and Judah would have hearts and minds changed by God.

Then along the way, these verses occur and following the theme of the comparison between the earthly and heavenly continues.

So, which do these verses apply and why?

The clarification may be in Hebrews 4, which seems to be the hinge on which this sermon swings.
Hebrews 4:2-3,11
For this good news—that God has prepared this rest—has been announced to us just as it was to them. But it did them no good because they didn’t share the faith of those who listened to God. For only we who believe can enter his rest. As for the others, God said, “In my anger I took an oath: ‘They will never enter my place of rest,’” even though this rest has been ready since he made the world.

So let us do our best to enter that rest. But if we disobey God, as the people of Israel did, we will fall.

The covenant of grace is first established with Adam as a promise. It is continued with Abraham and then reiterated with David. It is accomplished with Jesus.

 

[George Antonios]

The Church is Israel.

Male is female too.