4. We shall now refer to the writers of this century on the subject of Baptism; and the first we notice is JUSTIN MARTYR, who was born of pagan parents, but became a proselyte to the Jewish religion. Dissatisfied with his profession, he embraced Christianity. His character is obscured by his mixture of systems, and his figurative style was calculated to lead astray. He taught, through natural objects, to view spiritual things, viz., "The cross according to the prophet (Moses), was the great characteristic of his power and government; almost every thing we see resembles a cross; the yards of a ship, the head of a plough, the handle of a spade, &c. -- ‘nay, man erect with his arms extended, forms the cross."’ [Justin’s Apol., p. 72; Reeve’s trans. v. i, p. 96] He retained the leading features of Christianity, and wrote ably in its defence.
In giving an account to the emperor, Justin says, "I shall now lay before you the manner of dedicating ourselves to God, through Christ, upon our conversion; for should I omit this, I might not seem to deal sincerely in this account of our religion. As many as are persuaded and believe that those things which are taught by us are true, and do promise to live according to them, are directed first to pray, and ask God, with fasting, the forgiveness of their sins: and we also pray and fast together with them. Then we bring them to some place where there is water; and they are regenerated by the same way of regeneration by which we were regenerated:for they are washed in the name of the Father, &c. After he is baptized, and becomes one of us, we lead him to the congregation of the brethren, where with great fervency, we pour out our souls together in prayer, both for ourselves and for the person baptized, and for all other Christians throughout the world. Prayer being ended, we salute each other with a kiss. Bread, and a cup of wine and water, are then brought to the president or bishop, who offers up prayer and thanksgiving in the name of the Lord Jesus, the people concluding with a loud amen. The deacons distribute the elements to those who are present, and carry them afterwards to he absent members. [Wall’s Hist. of Infant Bap. p. 1, c. 2, ~ 3]
This food we call the eucharist, of which none are allowed to be partakers, but such only are as true believers, and have been baptized in the laver of regeneration for the remission of sins, and live according to Christ’s precepts."+ On this statement Dr. Wall observes, this is the most ancient account of the way 0œ baptizing, next the Scriptures, and shows the plain and simple manner of administering it. The Christians of these times had lived, many of them at least, in the days of the apostles. [Wall’s Hist.]
[+ Justin’s Apol. S 79, 85, 86, Reeve’s trans. Justin’s Apology to the emperor describes the dedication of believers in religion, but not of infants! In section 36, he deplores the way the heathens trained their children; and section 18, alludes to believers discipeling their offspring to Christ. He does not refute the charge of infanticide, by asserting that Christians dedicated their children to Christ by baptism, though so favorable an opportunity offered; at the same time, he evinces an anxiety not to omit to his imperial majesty any circumstance or practice that would lessen the force of prejudices against Christians. Justin has committed an unpardonable fault in omitting the infant rite; unless, as was the case, paedobaptism was unknown.]