Originally posted by rbell:
Polygamy is inexorably linked to the value of women in a particular culture. In a culture where women are property, or close to it...polygamy is a sign of wealth for the man, and derivations of polygamy (marrying the dead brother's widow) in some ways protected the woman, who when her husband died was utterly destitute.
Agree, it's also related to the level of class division in a culture. When there is a great divide between the rich and the poor, polygyny is more likely. In more egalitarian nations monogamy is more frequent. In an economic sense women are partitioned up like any other resource. When men have roughly the same amount of resources, everyone gets one woman, and when some people are flabbergastingly rich and others dirt poor, the rich get several women while the poor do without.
Right now we seem to have a situation in between, in which the rich have only one wife, but they are prone to serial monogamy. It is also no longer limited to men using economic power to get partners since women now have an equal role instead of being subordinate to men.
Because of the past great inequity in relationships between men and women polygyny flourished but polyandry was almost unheard of. Polygyny is also a stupid reproductive tactic since a woman may have three husbands but can only be pregnant from one at a time, while a man with three wives can produce children by each of them.
Christianity is also more inclined to be tolerant of polygyny because it allows the authoritarian model to remain intact, so the husband can have control over multiple wives, but who can be in charge if there are multiple husbands of one wife?
I think for these reasons we consider polygyny as more acceptable but polyandry is almost universally thought to be very odd.