Originally posted by Me2:
Romans 9:22-24 says:
22 What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:
23 And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,
24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles? Rom 9:20 Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed [it], Why hast thou made me thus?
Rom 9:21 Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour?
Me2 and Pinoybaptist, look at this passage as a whole and try not to view it from a Calvinistic/Arminian debate. View it from the context in which it was originally written.
What is the big issue of their day? Is it Calvinism versus Arminianism. Of course not. Its the fact that God has now revealed his Son who brought salvation not just for the Jews but for those dirty old Gentiles. That was a big deal then. The arguments Paul anticipates in Romans 9 are not arguments from an Arminian but from a Jewish theologian who sees a few Jews and a whole bunch of Gentiles becoming apart of this new religious group.
Here are the two objections Paul answers in Romans 9:
1. If this gospel you preach is truth then why are Gentiles believing it?
You must remember that Jews HATED Gentiles and there was a great amount of anamosity to work through in those days. If Gentiles were believing and endorcing this "new faith" then in their minds their must be something wrong with it. In the Jews mind God would have been unjust to promise them salvation and then go and let the Gentiles in on it too. They just couldn't accept that. Thus, Paul's quote from the OT, "He can have mercy on whom He wants to have mercy and he can have compassion on whom he wants to have compassion." It doesn't depend upon the keeping of the Law but upon God who chooses to have mercy on any group of people He desires.
2. If this gospel you preach is truth why aren't good Jewish men believing it?
Think about it. If some guy was walking around today preaching a new message and RC Sproul, JI Packer, MacArthur, Piper and every other author you might admire was denouncing him you would have second thoughts about accepting his words as truth. In like manner, if people who were known to be heathens were accepting it as truth it would only add to your skepticism of this guys message.
Plus, in the mind of a Jew God has promised to save Jews, not dirty Gentiles.
This is why we see Paul establish several key points in chapter 9.
1. I desire with all my heart for Jews to believe and be saved.
I tell the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Spirit, 2 that I have great sorrow and continual grief in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my countrymen F23 according to the flesh,
2. True Israel is not determined by geneology, but through the covenant of faith.
6 But it is not that the word of God has taken no effect. For they are not all Israel who are of Israel, 7 nor are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, "In Isaac your seed shall be called." 8 That is, those who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God; but the children of the promise are counted as the seed.
3. God can justly have compassion and mercy on sinful Gentiles.
14 What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? Certainly not! 15 For He says to Moses, "I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion." [Yes He can have mercy even on sinful Gentiles] 16 So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs [i.e. the Jew], but of God who shows mercy.
4. God can justly harden "law abiding" Jews.
17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, "For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may show My power in you, and that My name may be declared in all the earth." 18 Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens. 19 You will say to me then, "Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?" 20 But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, "Why have you made me like this?" 21 Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
Paul is talking about three groups of peopel here, not just two as some think. Calvinists make the mistake of thinking he just talking about the elect (saved) and the non-elect (condemned). That is wrong. He is contrasting the Jews and Gentiles. And we can't forget that there are two types of Jews at this time. Those who are hardened and those who have been selected to carry the message to the world. (Called the Remnant, namely the apostles)
For the most part the Gentiles are the ones who are believing and receiving his message and the Jews are hardened. But there is another group. The Remnant. Who is this? Jews who are not hardened. Jews who have been selected from a hardened nation to carry the message to the world. Paul is one of these. He is a vessel who was chosen for noble purposes. He was chosen to apostleship. Why? Because he was better? No. His illustration of Jacob and Esau showed that he was chosen based upon God's elective purpose alone, not his own righteousness. He was as hardened as the rest of his countrymen. Paul's Jewish friends, like Esau, were chosen for more common purposes...to be hardened. Does this mean they were certain to be condemned in hell? No, read on into chapter 10 and 11 and you will see that Paul indicates they too can be saved.
Paul is simply saying to his accusors, the harden Jew, you are like Pharoah. God has hardened you and he is just in doing so because for generations he held out his hands to you and you did not follow him so what if he demonstrates patience with the Gentile nation who have been know as objects of wrath for generations in order to demonstrate to the Jews, known as ones He had prepared for glory, the depth of his mercy. The fact is God has prepared Jews and Gentiles for glory. This is what Paul was saying when he wrote:
22 What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction [Gentiles], 23 and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory [Jews], 24 even us whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
Paul is introducing the concept that he goes on the explain in the next two chapters. That is that God has chosen to reveal salvation to the Gentiles in hopes that this will provoke the Jews through jealousy. Which is why he writes:
19 But I say, did Israel not know? First Moses says: "I will provoke you to jealousy by those who are not a nation, I will move you to anger by a foolish nation."...11 I say then, have they stumbled that they should fall? Certainly not! But through their fall, to provoke them to jealousy, salvation has come to the Gentiles. 12 Now if their fall is riches for the world, and their failure riches for the Gentiles, how much more their fullness! 13 For I speak to you Gentiles; inasmuch as I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 14 if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh and save some of them.
Sorry this is so long. There is a lot to say. But just go back and read chapters 9-11 with this in mind and I think if your objective you will see what I'm speaking about is true.