I understand the New Birth this way. We are body, soul, and spirit.
I have to stop you there because I do not embrace the popular tradition of making the "soul" refer to an immaterial aspect of our existence.
Genesis 2:7
King James Version (KJV)
7 And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
It is because of this teaching that we have doctrines such as Soul Sleep and Annihilation, and why countless believers get deceived by those who promote these doctrines.
Here are a few passages where we see that man is a soul, not...that he has a soul:
Genesis 12:5
King James Version (KJV)
5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all their substance that they had gathered, and the souls that they had gotten in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; and into the land of Canaan they came.
Genesis 46:26
King James Version (KJV)
26 All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of his loins, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore and six;
Acts 7:14
King James Version (KJV)
14 Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.
Acts 27:37
King James Version (KJV)
37 And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.
While a disembodied person can still properly be called a "soul," because they are still the person, the popular tradition of viewing the "soul" as an immaterial part of man's make-up does considerable harm, and allows certain passages to have imposed into them an eternal context which is not present.
The best example is Ezekiel 18, popularly taught to speak of eternal life and death because of course "the soul" is in view. But if one reads the Chapter and keeps it in context, we see a purely physical context in which in view is physical life or death according to obedience, or disobedience to the Law.
The spirit is dead and enslaved to the soul which is enslaved to the body. God raises our spirit from the dead and removes the soul's control, called circumcision of the heart in the OT) or New Birth in the NT.
I view this as more popular pulpit theology.
Man's great problem is that he is conceived and born separated from God. Many think we are separated because we sin, but we sin because we are separated.
The spirit of man is created not having eternal life, though nowhere in Scripture do we see that spirits pass away (cease to exist). The remedy for the natural man is taht he receive eternal life through Christ, which is what Christ came to accomplish.
The Holy Spirit was with the born again and in the Prophets up until Pentecost 33 AD.
All you need to do is find a passage in the Old Testament where men can be seen as regenerate.
Jesus told the born again disciples to remain in Jerusalem because the Holy Spirit would be in them from that point on.
So the disciples, who did not believe on the Resurrection either prior to or immediately after the Resurrection...were born again?
So men can be born again yet not reconciled to God?
The New Birth and the Baptism of the Holy Spirit are two separate operations of the Holy Spirit.
Again I am going to need Scripture. I'll give you a passage to consider until you bring that to the table:
Titus 3:4-5
King James Version (KJV)
4 But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared,
5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;
We are regenerated at salvation, which is the same time we receive the Baptism with the Holy Ghost.
1 Peter 1:3
King James Version (KJV)
3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,
23 Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.
James 1:18
King James Version (KJV)
18 Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.
We are born again by the Cross and the Resurrection of Christ, and this through the Gospel of Christ, which was a Mystery not revealed to Ages and generations past, to the (Old Testament) Saints, or the sons of men, but is now revealed by the Spirit to His holy Apostles and Prophets.
Regeneration became a possibility when Christ came:
John 1:11-13
King James Version (KJV)
11 He came unto his own, and his own received him not.
12 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name:
13 Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
The terms born again, born from above, born of the Spirit, and born of God are all speaking of the same event in the believers life, and it is then that we are children, the sons of God:
1 John 5:1-5
King James Version (KJV)
1 Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God: and every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is begotten of him.
2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments.
3 For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous.
4 For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.
5 Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?
12 He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God hath not life.
13 These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life, and that ye may believe on the name of the Son of God.
As shown in the other thread, the disciples were unbelieving in the Resurrection until after Christ came and "proved" it to them ("...touch Me, feel me, for a spirit hath not flesh and bone as ye see me have.")
Hence they did not have eternal life. And it would not be until they were Baptized into Christ that they would have the Life He came to give.
But since Pentecost both operations are combined into one event.
And all we need is Scripture to verify that.
Not as the Pentecostals say when they speak of a second work of grace.
It's not just Pentecostals that teach that: most denominations teach the Baptism with the Holy Ghost as a subsequent event.
But as one event that takes place in every believer since Pentecost.
Correct, since Pentecost.
And when someone can explain to me how men can be born again when they have not confessed Jesus Christ as Lord perhaps I may need to rethink my position.
God bless.