2) Analysis:
God elected the nation of Edom to serve the nation of Israel.
That choice was not based on their works.
Paul will then take that story, wherein the election was not unto salvation but unto service, but extract from it the principle that God does not elect based on the works of the law, and prove his point that God likewise does not elect unto salvation based on one's works of the law, but, as he concludes at the end of the chapter, based on one's faith.
I disagree.
God elected individuals to be the recipients of His gift of eternal life.
He uses, as examples, His love of Jacob and His hatred of Esau.
He also compares both of their "heritages", Israel and Edom, in Malachi 1:1-5 .
That choice to love one and to hate the other, individually, was indeed not based on their works...
but upon His grace and mercy alone ( Romans 9:14-18 ).
On a side note,
I also see that "The elder shall serve the younger" are pictures of God's enemies ultimately serving Him and His people,
and God's spiritually elder serving His spiritually younger, in this life.
Paul then takes that story, wherein the election was unto both salvation ( eternal life which is to know God and His Son, John 17:2-3 ) and to specific acts of service ( as developed in Ephesians 4:11-15 ), and extract from it that God does not elect based upon anything a person does (
especially the keeping of the Law ), and proves that point by declaring, in no uncertain terms, that God does not elect based upon him that wills or runs, but that it is strictly
"of God that shows mercy" ( Romans 9:16 ).
Keeping in mind the statements made in Romans 9:22-29...
Vessels of wrath fitted to destruction and vessels of mercy afore prepared unto glory, he makes the point in Romans 9:25-26 ( and reiterates the prophecy found in Hosea 1:10 ) that, even though the children of Israel are as the sand of the sea, there is a remnant of it that shall be saved.
He concludes at the end of the chapter ( Romans 9:31-33 ) the descriptive statement that the Gentile nations that historically did not follow after righteousness, did so because of faith ( which Israel historically did not ), while Israel that did follow after righteousness, did so by the works of the Law and not by faith.
As in Hosea 1:9-11, those that were not His people, have become His people...
Even though there is a remnant that has been called out of out of every tongue, tribe and nation ( Revelation 5:9, Revelation 7:9 ).
But Paul never mentions, in any of his epistles, that God's election of someone is based on their faith.
Rather, he very clearly tells the Philippians, the Ephesians and the Thessalonians, for example, that even the privilege to believe was given to them ( Philippians 1:29 ) and that their faith is a gift ( Ephesians 2:8 ) that not all men have ( 2 Thessalonians 3:2 ).
In the analysis, I see that Romans 9:11 states that election is not based on a person's works,
but on the purposes of Him that calls, or "summons".
That places salvation squarely in the hands of the Lord, and anything that comes as a result of His saving someone is a blessed gift;
That includes their faith and their belief of the Gospel.
