Alan Gross
Well-Known Member
An Examination of
The NEW KING JAMES VERSION,
"NKJV" review part #1.
"NKJV" review part #2.
PARTS 1&2 by A. Hembd, MACS
Reformation International Theological Seminary
A consultant to The Trinitarian Bible Society.
(See also: "NKJV" Critique, in relation to its accuracy, etc.)
"Statement of the overall purpose of this paper we endeavor, the Lord helping us,
to address the matters set forth above, along with the translational problems of the NKJV,
in the following manner:
"1. We shall show the critical text for what it is: a recovery of the Alexandrian text
of the 4th century AD, which is an Egyptian revision and c*******d of the Apostolic text. \
Therefore, we will affirm that it is wrong for the New King James Version
to include text-critical notes in its margin from this very c*******d text, etc...
"The Alexandrian text was c*******d by the following things, among others:
(1) it was c*******d by the superimposition of Coptic (i.e., Egyptian) spellings,
grammatical structures, and word order upon the text;
(2) it was c*******d in many places by the re-editing of the Apostolic Greek text
to make it match the Coptic (Egyptian) text;
(3) it was c*******d by the critical work of the early Church Father Origen
and his followers, who often critically amended the text
according to their mystical/allegorical interpretations of passages of Scripture;
and finally,
(4) it was c*******d by heretics in Egypt who emasculated the text in key places.
"2. In the second place, we shall demonstrate how the Church at large,
after the persecutions of the 2nd and 3rd centuries,
and particularly after the Council of Nicea in the 4th century,
began to revise their manuscript copies universally
to the standard of the faithful apographs (copies descended directly from the originals)
that were yet maintained in the apostolic churches of Asia Minor
(which was the Byzantine Empire) and of Rome, and hence,
set forth the rise of the Byzantine text to the ascendancy,
and the universal rejection of the Egyptian text for the next 1,400 years.
"3. In the third place, we shall show how the Textus Receptus
was the result of faithful men who labored to see that the best text
from the copies of the traditional text found its way into the printed editions,
that many eyes were on the text to correct it, and that the Reformation fathers
were right in eight passages in the Textus Receptus to follow a Greek minority reading 8
when that reading was backed with nearly universal Latin support; and that thereby,
through consulting an overwhelming Latin witness,
the true readings were restored universally on the printed page.
"4. We in the fourth place shall show that the so-called Byzantine majority texts
of both Hodges and Farstad, and Pierpont and Robinson, are fatally flawed, in that,
by their own confession,9 their editors relied primarily
upon the work of Baron Hermann von Soden and his text of 1913.
Herman Hoskier, an advocate of the traditional text,
cites in his 1914 review of von Soden’s text in the Journal of Theological Studies
indisputable proof that von Soden’s Greek text is,
in his words, ‘honeycombed with errors’.10 Similarly Frederick Wisse,
who is himself very sympathetic of von Soden’s aims
though frank about his inaccuracies, says that ‘…von Soden’s inaccuracies
cannot be tolerated for any purpose.
His apparatus is useless for a reconstruction of the text of the MSS he used’.11
"5. We shall then, as enabled, address the translational flaws of the NKJV
in both the Old and New Testaments. We shall demonstrate
that these flaws are not minor in nature, but that, to the contrary,
together with the marginal notes, they impact key doctrines of the Word of God:
doctrines such as the hypostatic union of the two natures in Christ,
the incarnation, the eternal generation of the Person of the Son,
the divinity of Christ, and the eternal punishment of the wicked in hell.
"6. In the last place, we shall exhort our readers
to cling to the tried and proven Authorised Version."
Note: 8. There appear to be only two instances in which the Textus Receptus actually incorporated a Latin reading into the Greek text. Those are Acts 9.5 and Revelation 22.19 (although the Authorised Version does put the majority Greek reading for Revelation 22.19 in the marginal notes). There also appear to be two spelling errors, one of which makes for an actual change in meaning. One spelling error is found in Revelation 17.4, where the copyist spelled ‘unclean’ as akaqarthtoj instead of akaqarta. This little blemish in no wise impacts the meaning of the verse. The other verse in which the spelling error does impact the meaning slightly, and which is a typographical error, is found in Revelation 17.8. The error is found in the words ‘the beast which was, and is not, and yet is’. The words for ‘yet is’ are kaiper estin where the reading should be kai parestai. (The words were broken in the wrong place.) kai parestai is the reading of all the Greek manuscripts. This changes the phrase to read ‘the beast which was, and is not, and is about to be’. We agree with Dr Edward Hills when he says that this very minor blemish could be remedied with a mere footnote (King James Version Defended [Des Moines, Iowa USA: Christian Research Press, 2000], p. 202). These four very minor blemishes in the Textus Receptus (often made much of by modern textual critics) are nothing to be compared with the thousands of errors one encounters in the Egyptian texts, nor with the Coptic readings (which number in the hundreds in the four Gospels alone) and readings tinctured by heretics which are found even in the Nestle-Aland/UBS text. We shall be enlarging upon the Coptic corruption of the Egyptian text, and how the Nestle-Aland/UBS text is a resurrection of the Egyptian text of the 4th century, during the course of this article.
9. Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad, The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text, 2nd ed. (Nashville, TN, USA: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1985), p. xv. The editors say: ‘For the evidence of the Majority text, the present edition rests heavily upon the information furnished by Hermann von Soden in his Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments’. Also, reference is made to William G. Pierpont and Maurice A. Robinson, The New Testament in the Original Greek According to the Byzantine/Majority Textform (Rosewell, GA, USA: Original Word Publishers, 1991), p. xiii, ‘The present Byzantine/Majority Text was jointly edited and refined by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont during the period 1976–1991. The primary textual apparatuses utilized in the preparation of this edition were those of Hermann Freiherr von Soden and Herman C. Hoskier’. These same apparatuses were utilized by Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad in their majority text edition of the Greek New Testament. Von Soden was utilized almost exclusively by both these editions for all books except Revelation, where Hoskier was consulted, although in a critical fashion.
10. H. C. Hoskier, ‘Von Soden’s Text of the New Testament’, Journal of Theological Studies 15 (April 1914): 307. This is available on microfiche at Dallas Theological Seminary.
11. Frederick Wisse, The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence as Applied to the continuous Greek text of the Gospel of Luke (Grand Rapids, MI, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1962), pp. 16–17. Here Wisse reviews von Soden’s very great inaccuracies in collating the evidence in Luke 1.
The NEW KING JAMES VERSION,
"NKJV" review part #1.
"NKJV" review part #2.
PARTS 1&2 by A. Hembd, MACS
Reformation International Theological Seminary
A consultant to The Trinitarian Bible Society.
(See also: "NKJV" Critique, in relation to its accuracy, etc.)
"Statement of the overall purpose of this paper we endeavor, the Lord helping us,
to address the matters set forth above, along with the translational problems of the NKJV,
in the following manner:
"1. We shall show the critical text for what it is: a recovery of the Alexandrian text
of the 4th century AD, which is an Egyptian revision and c*******d of the Apostolic text. \
Therefore, we will affirm that it is wrong for the New King James Version
to include text-critical notes in its margin from this very c*******d text, etc...
"The Alexandrian text was c*******d by the following things, among others:
(1) it was c*******d by the superimposition of Coptic (i.e., Egyptian) spellings,
grammatical structures, and word order upon the text;
(2) it was c*******d in many places by the re-editing of the Apostolic Greek text
to make it match the Coptic (Egyptian) text;
(3) it was c*******d by the critical work of the early Church Father Origen
and his followers, who often critically amended the text
according to their mystical/allegorical interpretations of passages of Scripture;
and finally,
(4) it was c*******d by heretics in Egypt who emasculated the text in key places.
"2. In the second place, we shall demonstrate how the Church at large,
after the persecutions of the 2nd and 3rd centuries,
and particularly after the Council of Nicea in the 4th century,
began to revise their manuscript copies universally
to the standard of the faithful apographs (copies descended directly from the originals)
that were yet maintained in the apostolic churches of Asia Minor
(which was the Byzantine Empire) and of Rome, and hence,
set forth the rise of the Byzantine text to the ascendancy,
and the universal rejection of the Egyptian text for the next 1,400 years.
"3. In the third place, we shall show how the Textus Receptus
was the result of faithful men who labored to see that the best text
from the copies of the traditional text found its way into the printed editions,
that many eyes were on the text to correct it, and that the Reformation fathers
were right in eight passages in the Textus Receptus to follow a Greek minority reading 8
when that reading was backed with nearly universal Latin support; and that thereby,
through consulting an overwhelming Latin witness,
the true readings were restored universally on the printed page.
"4. We in the fourth place shall show that the so-called Byzantine majority texts
of both Hodges and Farstad, and Pierpont and Robinson, are fatally flawed, in that,
by their own confession,9 their editors relied primarily
upon the work of Baron Hermann von Soden and his text of 1913.
Herman Hoskier, an advocate of the traditional text,
cites in his 1914 review of von Soden’s text in the Journal of Theological Studies
indisputable proof that von Soden’s Greek text is,
in his words, ‘honeycombed with errors’.10 Similarly Frederick Wisse,
who is himself very sympathetic of von Soden’s aims
though frank about his inaccuracies, says that ‘…von Soden’s inaccuracies
cannot be tolerated for any purpose.
His apparatus is useless for a reconstruction of the text of the MSS he used’.11
"5. We shall then, as enabled, address the translational flaws of the NKJV
in both the Old and New Testaments. We shall demonstrate
that these flaws are not minor in nature, but that, to the contrary,
together with the marginal notes, they impact key doctrines of the Word of God:
doctrines such as the hypostatic union of the two natures in Christ,
the incarnation, the eternal generation of the Person of the Son,
the divinity of Christ, and the eternal punishment of the wicked in hell.
"6. In the last place, we shall exhort our readers
to cling to the tried and proven Authorised Version."
Note: 8. There appear to be only two instances in which the Textus Receptus actually incorporated a Latin reading into the Greek text. Those are Acts 9.5 and Revelation 22.19 (although the Authorised Version does put the majority Greek reading for Revelation 22.19 in the marginal notes). There also appear to be two spelling errors, one of which makes for an actual change in meaning. One spelling error is found in Revelation 17.4, where the copyist spelled ‘unclean’ as akaqarthtoj instead of akaqarta. This little blemish in no wise impacts the meaning of the verse. The other verse in which the spelling error does impact the meaning slightly, and which is a typographical error, is found in Revelation 17.8. The error is found in the words ‘the beast which was, and is not, and yet is’. The words for ‘yet is’ are kaiper estin where the reading should be kai parestai. (The words were broken in the wrong place.) kai parestai is the reading of all the Greek manuscripts. This changes the phrase to read ‘the beast which was, and is not, and is about to be’. We agree with Dr Edward Hills when he says that this very minor blemish could be remedied with a mere footnote (King James Version Defended [Des Moines, Iowa USA: Christian Research Press, 2000], p. 202). These four very minor blemishes in the Textus Receptus (often made much of by modern textual critics) are nothing to be compared with the thousands of errors one encounters in the Egyptian texts, nor with the Coptic readings (which number in the hundreds in the four Gospels alone) and readings tinctured by heretics which are found even in the Nestle-Aland/UBS text. We shall be enlarging upon the Coptic corruption of the Egyptian text, and how the Nestle-Aland/UBS text is a resurrection of the Egyptian text of the 4th century, during the course of this article.
9. Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad, The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text, 2nd ed. (Nashville, TN, USA: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1985), p. xv. The editors say: ‘For the evidence of the Majority text, the present edition rests heavily upon the information furnished by Hermann von Soden in his Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments’. Also, reference is made to William G. Pierpont and Maurice A. Robinson, The New Testament in the Original Greek According to the Byzantine/Majority Textform (Rosewell, GA, USA: Original Word Publishers, 1991), p. xiii, ‘The present Byzantine/Majority Text was jointly edited and refined by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont during the period 1976–1991. The primary textual apparatuses utilized in the preparation of this edition were those of Hermann Freiherr von Soden and Herman C. Hoskier’. These same apparatuses were utilized by Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad in their majority text edition of the Greek New Testament. Von Soden was utilized almost exclusively by both these editions for all books except Revelation, where Hoskier was consulted, although in a critical fashion.
10. H. C. Hoskier, ‘Von Soden’s Text of the New Testament’, Journal of Theological Studies 15 (April 1914): 307. This is available on microfiche at Dallas Theological Seminary.
11. Frederick Wisse, The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence as Applied to the continuous Greek text of the Gospel of Luke (Grand Rapids, MI, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1962), pp. 16–17. Here Wisse reviews von Soden’s very great inaccuracies in collating the evidence in Luke 1.