Not in the sense of having God forgive those sins, as that must be done to God directly
No, public confession cleared the conscience, which is the forgiveness of sin.
“Confess your sins in church, and do not go up to your prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of life. . . . On the Lord’s Day gather together, break bread, and give thanks, after confessing your transgressions so that your sacrifice may be pure” (Didache 4:14, 14:1 [A.D. 70]).
“You shall confess your sins. You shall not go to prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of light” (Letter of Barnabas 19 [A.D. 74]).
Confession was public in Church before the assembly and Elders, and the Bishop, who gave absolution. This forgave sin and cleared the conscience.