As I understand it, you are partly correct, for the law did convict people of sin, but the law also provided ethical boundaries that made people more ready for and receptive to the teachings and mission of Christ.
Galatians 3:24
Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.
I think the protection of Cain may have been to avoid an escalating series of vengeance and retaliation. This is a bit murky to me.
Instead of executing Cain immediately, God offered him a different kind of judgment: a life as a restless wanderer banished from the fertile soil, paired with a protective sign—known as the
Mark of Cain—so that no one would kill him. According to traditional interpretations, this displayed God's restraint and gave Cain space to live with the weight of his actions rather than wiping humanity's slate clean right away.
The explicit command that "whoever sheds human blood, by humans shall their blood be shed" was formally introduced later in Genesis 9:6, well after Cain's time.
Why wasn’t Cain given capital punishment?
First, the punishment he received was severe. Cain believed it to be worse than death. He replied to God, “My punishment is greater than I can bear. Behold, you have driven me today away from the ground, and from your face I shall be hidden. I shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me” (
Genesis 4:13-14).
Previously, Cain had been “a tiller of the ground” (
Genesis 4:2, NKJV), so this particular punishment took away his livelihood.
But I am fairly sure that the mark on Cain was probably the name of YHWH, designating Cain as the property of God. With that name on him, people would be afraid to mess with Cain. This is one possibility at any rate.
Of course not. Both the man and the woman were supposed to be stoned.
But Jesus said He came not to judge, but to teach and to heal and to save.
Some say that every accuser there had engaged in sex with this woman, and when Jesus wrote on the ground, He may have been writing the names of the adulterers present, inducing guilt and shame, which is why they left the scene, beginning with the oldest, who by their age may have committed more sins than the younger guys.
But though we do not directly administer justice, we may be correct to support the government exacting punishment for criminals, including the death penalty for murderers.
Thanks for entering into discussion with me regarding this somewhat difficult and debated topic.
I think to some degree the world’s wickedness is a concern of ours. This is why we oppose things like transgenderism, gay marriage, drug trafficking, adult entertainment, embezzlement, violence, etc. and causes us to vote, serve on school boards, run for political office, and warn our children.
I think the “fault” associated with the first covenant was not the details of the Mosaic law itself, but the inability of it to make anyone perfect, due to the sin nature and the influence of surrounding pagan nations.
I am unable to fully understand or defend some of the harsher aspects of that law. But I will not criticize the law.