What are the distinctives of "Reformed Baptist"?

Reformed posted on another thread: "I'm careful about championing Christian celebrity preachers. However, Voddie Baucham was the real deal. He truly was a giant (figuratively and literally) in Reformed Baptist circles. He leaves behind a faithful legacy and a godly example. He is missed."

What are the distinctives of "Reformed Baptist"?

Wesley Briggman said:

Reformed posted on another thread: "I'm careful about championing Christian celebrity preachers. However, Voddie Baucham was the real deal. He truly was a giant (figuratively and literally) in Reformed Baptist circles. He leaves behind a faithful legacy and a godly example. He is missed."

What are the distinctives of "Reformed Baptist"?

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The distinctives are the same with all 5 pt. Calvinists.

TULIP and Covenant Theology.

Wesley Briggman said:

I have been a member of numerous Baptist Churches over the past sixty years. I never heard the term "reformed" mentioned in any of them. Yet, they all where in compliance with Biblical (Reformed?) doctrine.

If you consider how "Reformed Theology/Doctrine" has been applied across the so-called Christian spectrum, it is a bucket of worms! What do "reformed" denominations have in common? Very little - at most. Just about anything is OK under the blanket of "Reformed Theology" - from infant baptism to speaking in tongues.

R. C. Sproul stated: "Reformed Theology is nothing but Biblical Theology". According to his statement, the reformers placed them selves above the Holy Spirit's revelation!

I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

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The Reformers didn't agree among themselves. But they all did agree they had to get out of the RCC.

If they didn't get anything else right, thank God they did point us back to salvation by Grace and not works.

I have been a member of numerous Baptist Churches over the past sixty years. I never heard the term "reformed" mentioned in any of them. Yet, they all where in compliance with Biblical (Reformed?) doctrine.

If you consider how "Reformed Theology/Doctrine" has been applied across the so-called Christian spectrum, it is a bucket of worms! What do "reformed" denominations have in common? Very little - at most. Just about anything is OK under the blanket of "Reformed Theology" - from infant baptism to speaking in tongues.

R. C. Sproul stated: "Reformed Theology is nothing but Biblical Theology". According to his statement, the reformers placed them selves above the Holy Spirit's revelation!

I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

Zaatar71 said:

The Reformation was a move of God by Luther and the others to correct the errors of the Roman Church who had added tradition to the scriptures.

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The Reformers failed in their efforts to correct errors of the RCC.

Again: I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

PS: In my opinion Martin Luther was a despicable example of a Christian. Is there any documentation that he was born-again? He was sprinkled the day after he was born. Catholics consider that to impart grace for rebirth. Also, he authored "Of Jews and Their Lies", giving Hitler cover for persecuting Jews!

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Reformed Baptists are a group of Baptists who adhere to Calvinist theology, emphasizing believer's baptism and the sovereignty of God in salvation.
Historical Background
Reformed Baptists, also known as Particular Baptists, emerged in the 17th century during the English Reformation. The first congregation of Reformed Baptists was established in London around 1638. They distinguished themselves from General Baptists by believing in particular redemption, which asserts that Christ's atonement is specifically for the elect rather than for all humanity.
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Key Beliefs
Soteriology: Reformed Baptists hold to a Calvinist understanding of salvation, often summarized by the acronym TULIP, which includes Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints.
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Believer's Baptism: They practice baptism only for those who have made a credible profession of faith, rejecting infant baptism. This belief is rooted in the conviction that baptism should follow an individual's personal faith in Christ.
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Confessions of Faith: Reformed Baptists typically adhere to the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689), which outlines their theological positions and practices. This confession reflects their commitment to Reformed theology while maintaining Baptist distinctives.
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Regulative Principle of Worship: They believe that worship should be conducted according to what is explicitly prescribed in Scripture, which influences their practices in church services.
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Sovereignty of God: A central tenet of Reformed Baptist theology is the sovereignty of God in all aspects of life, including creation, salvation, and providence.
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Distinctions from Other Groups
Reformed Baptists differ from other Reformed traditions primarily in their practice of baptism and church governance. While they share many theological beliefs with Presbyterians and other Reformed groups, they maintain a congregational form of church government and emphasize the importance of local church autonomy.
Christ Reformed Baptist Fellowship
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Conclusion
Reformed Baptists represent a significant branch of the Baptist tradition, characterized by their adherence to Reformed theology, a commitment to believer's baptism, and a historical lineage that traces back to the early Particular Baptists of the 17th century. Their beliefs and practices continue to shape their identity within the broader Christian community today.

What is a Reformed Baptist?
Tom Hicks

What is it that makes a “Reformed Baptist” distinct from other kinds of Baptists and Reformed folks? Reformed Baptists grew out of the English Reformation, emerging from Independent paedobaptist churches in the 1640’s for some very specific theological reasons, and they held to a particular kind of theology. Here are some of the theological identity markers of Reformed Baptist churches.

1. The Regulative Principle of Worship. This distinctive is put first because it is one of the main reasons Calvinistic Baptists separated from the Independent paedobaptists. The Particular (or Reformed) Baptists come from Puritanism, which sought to reform the English church according to God’s Word, especially its worship. When that became impossible due to Laud’s authoritative opposition, the Puritans separated (or were removed) from the English church. Within the Independent wing of Puritan separation, some of them saw a need to apply the regulative principle of worship to infant baptism as well, considering this to be the consistent outworking of the common Puritan mindset. The earliest Baptists believed that the elements of public worship are limited to what Scripture commands. John 4:23 says, “True worshippers will worship the Father in spirit and truth” (see also Matt 15:9). The revealed “truth” of Scripture limits the worship of God to what is prescribed in Scripture. The Second London Baptist Confession 22.1 says:

The acceptable way of worshipping the true God, is instituted by himself, and so limited by his own revealed will, that he may not be worshipped according to the imagination and devices of men, nor the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representations, or any other way not prescribed in the Holy Scriptures.

Because the Bible does not command infant baptism, early Baptists believed that infant baptism is forbidden in public worship, and the baptism of believers alone is to be practiced in worship. This regulative principle of worship limits the elements of public worship to the Word preached and read, the ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, prayer, the singing of Psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, and whatever else the Scripture commands.

Many Baptists today have completely abandoned the regulative principle of worship in favor of entertainment-oriented worship, consumerism, individual preferences, emotionalism, and pragmatism. Such Baptists have abandoned the very principle that led to their initial emergence from paedobaptism. One wonders whether a church can depart from a doctrine necessary to the emergence of Baptists in their English context and still rightly identify as a “Baptist” church.

2. Covenant Theology. While Reformed paedobaptist churches sometimes insist that they alone are the heirs of true covenant theology, historic Reformed Baptists claimed to abandon the practice of infant baptism precisely because of the Bible’s covenant theology.

Reformed Baptists agree with Reformed paedobaptists that God made a covenant of works with Adam, which he broke and so brought condemnation on the whole human race (Rom 5:18). They also say that God mercifully made a covenant of grace with His elect people in Christ (Rom 5:18), which is progressively revealed in the Old Testament and formally established in the new covenant at the death of Christ (Heb 9:15-16). The only way anyone was saved under the old covenant was by virtue of this covenant of grace in Christ, such that there is only one gospel, or one saving promise, running through the Scriptures.

Baptist covenant theologians, however, believe they are more consistent than their paedobaptist brothers with respect to covenant theology’s own hermeneutic of New Testament priority. According to the New Testament, the Old Testament promise to “you and your seed” was ultimately made to Christ, the true seed (Gal 3:16). Abraham’s physical children were a type of Christ, but Christ Himself is the reality. The physical descendants were included in the old covenant, not because they are all children of the promise, but because God was preserving the line of promise, until Christ, the true seed, came. Now that Christ has come, there is no longer any reason to preserve a physical line. Rather, only those who believe in Jesus are sons of Abraham, true Israelites, members of the new covenant, and the church of the Lord Jesus (Gal 3:7). In both the Old and New Testaments, the “new covenant” is revealed to be a covenant of believers only, who are forgiven of their sins, and have God’s law written on their hearts (Heb 8:10-12).

Baptists today who adhere to dispensationalism believe that the physical offspring of Abraham are the rightful recipients of the promises of God to Abraham’s seed. But they have departed from their historic Baptist roots and from the hermeneutical vision of the organic unity of the Bible cast by their forefathers. Baptist theologian James Leo Garrett correctly notes that dispensationalism is an “incursion” into Baptist theology, which only emerged in the last one hundred fifty years or so. See James Leo Garrett, Baptist Theology: A Four-Century Study (Macon, GA: Mercer, 2009), 560-570.

3. Calvinism. Because Reformed Baptists held to the covenant theology (federalism) of the 17th century, they were all Calvinists. The theological covenants of the old federal theology undergirded the early Baptist expressions of their Calvinistic soteriology. When Adam broke the covenant of works, God cursed all human beings with totally depraved natures (Isa 24:5-6), making them unable and unwilling to come to Christ for salvation.

But God didn’t leave the human race to die in sin; rather, in eternity past, God unconditionally chose a definite number of people for salvation and formed a covenant of redemption with Christ about their salvation (Isa 53; 54:10; Lk 22:29). At the appointed time, Christ came into the world and obeyed the covenant of redemption, fulfilling the terms of the covenant of works that Adam broke. In the covenant of redemption, Jesus kept God’s law perfectly, died on the cross, atoned for the sins of His chosen people, and rose from the dead, having effectually secured salvation for them (Heb 9:12).

Reformed Baptist? by Tom Hicks today at press.founders.org.
See part2 below;

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God made the covenant of grace with His elect people (Gen 3:15; Heb 9:15-16) in which He applies all the blessings of life merited by Christ in the covenant of redemption. The Holy Spirit mercifully unites God’s chosen people to Christ in the covenant of grace, giving them blessings of life purchased by Christ’s life and death. God irresistibly draws them to Himself in their effectual calling (Jn 6:37), gives them a living heart (Ezek 36:26), a living faith and repentance (Eph 2:8-9; Acts 11:18), a living verdict of justification (Rom 3:28), and a living and abiding holiness (1 Cor 1:30), causing them to persevere to the end (1 Cor 1:8). All of these life-blessings are the merits of Jesus Christ, purchased in the covenant of redemption, applied in the covenant of grace.

The doctrine of the covenants is the theological soil in which Calvinism grew among early Baptists. Calvinistic Baptists today need to recover the rich federal theology of their forefathers so that the doctrines of grace they’ve rediscovered will be preserved for future generations.

4. The Law of God. Reformed Baptists believe the 10 commandments are the summary of God’s moral law (Exod 20; Matt 5; Rom 2:14-22). They believe that unless we rightly understand the law, we cannot understand the gospel. The gospel is the good news that Jesus Christ kept the law for our justification by living in perfect obedience to earn the law’s blessing of life and by dying a substitutionary death to pay the law’s penalty. But the gospel isn’t only a promise of justification. It’s also the good news that Christ promises graciously to give the Holy Spirit to His people to kill their lawlessness and to make them more and more lawful. Titus 2:14 says that Christ “gave himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people for his own possession, who are zealous for good works.”

The Second London Baptist Confession, 19.5 says:

The moral law does for ever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof,(10) and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator, who gave it;(11) neither does Christ in the Gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen this obligation.(12)

10. Rom 13:8-10; Jas 2:8,10-12
11. Jas 2:10,11
12. Matt 5:17-19; Rom 3:31

Therefore, while justified believers are free from the law as a covenant of works to earn justification and eternal life (Rom 7:1-6), God gives them His law as a standard of conduct or rule of life in their sanctification (Rom 8:4, 7). God’s moral law, summarized in the 10 commandments (Rom 2:14-24; 13:8-10; Jas 2:8-11), including the Sabbath commandment (Mk 2:27; Heb 4:9-10), is an instrument of sanctification in the life of the believer. Believers rest in Christ for their total salvation. Christ takes their burdens of guilt and shame, and His people take upon themselves the yoke of His law, and they learn obedience from a humble and gentle Teacher. 1 John 5:3 says, “For this is the love of God, that we keep His commandments. And His commandments are not burdensome.”

Baptists who hold to new covenant theology, or progressive covenantalism, do not have the same view of the law as the dominant stream of their Baptist forebears.

5. Confessional. Most of the early Baptists, both in England and in America, held to the Second London Baptist Confession of 1677/1689. While certainly not all Calvinistic Baptists subscribed to this confession, it was the main influence among Baptists in England and America after its publication. This confession, based on the Westminster Confession (Presbyterian) and the Savoy Declaration (Independent), was originally edited and published in 1677, but formally adopted by Baptist churches in 1689 after English persecution lifted.

Historic Reformed Baptists were thoroughgoing confessionalists. They were not bare “biblicists.” Biblicists deny words and doctrines not explicitly stated in Scripture, and they deny that the church’s historic teaching about the Bible has any secondary authority in biblical interpretation. The early Baptists, however, did not believe that individual church members or individual pastors should interpret the Bible divorced from the historic teaching of the church (Heb 13:7). They believed that the Bible alone is sufficient for doctrine and practice, but they also believed the Bible must be explained and read in light of the church’s interpretive tradition (1 Tim 3:15), which uses words other than the Bible (Acts 2:31 is one refutation of biblicism, since it explains Psalm 16 in words not used in that Psalm). Reformed Baptists believed that their theology was anchored in the church’s rich theological heritage and that it was a natural development of the doctrine of the church in light of the central insights of the Reformation (sola Scriptura: no baptizing infants; sola fide: only converts are God’s people).

Under the guise of upholding Sola Scriptura, many Christians today seek to read the Bible independently and come to their own private conclusions about what it means without consulting the church’s authorized teachers or the orthodox confessions of faith. But that’s not what Sola Scriptura historically meant. Scripture teaches that the church is the “pillar and support of the truth” (1 Tim 3:15). The church as a whole is charged with interpreting the Bible, and God has authorized teachers in the church throughout history. Therefore, while every individual Christian is responsible to understand Scripture for himself, no Christian should study the Bible without any consideration of what the great teachers of the past have taught about the Bible.

The majority of historic Reformed Baptists held to the Second London Baptist Confession of 1689 because they believed it is a compendium of theology that best summarizes the teaching of Scripture in small compass.


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What is Reformed Baptist?
What Does It Mean to Be a Reformed Baptist Church
If we were to be asked “What kind of a church are you? We would not hesitate to reply, “We are a Baptist church!” We hold to those truths which have sometimes been referred to as “Baptist Distinctives”. We would also reply that we are a “Reformed Church” inasmuch as we hold to the great doctrines of the Reformation in the areas concerning the salvation of men. In this sense, we are pleased to be referred to as a “Reformed Baptist” church. What, then, are some of the distinctives of a Reformed Baptist church?

The Scriptures
First of all, a Reformed Baptist Church is a local church which acknowledges the supreme authority of Holy Scripture. In all matters of faith, that is in the things we believe, and of practice, that is the things which we do, our sole authority is the Word of God. If something, whether of faith or of practice, is contrary to the Bible then no matter who pleads for it, no matter what clever arguments are produced in favor of it, we cannot endorse it. When the Word of God does not warrant something, we are not going to be brought under bondage to it; but where the Scriptures clearly call for something, no consideration ought to make us do without it. We desire to have our conscience bound to the Word of God, for there we believe is true freedom. We desire in our church life to be patterned after and conformed to the Word of God. We should always seek for God to deepen our understanding of His Word, and we should always be ready to reform any of our practices if it becomes apparent that we are out of line with the Scriptures.

Preaching
Reformed Baptists believe in the pre-eminence of the preaching of the Word of God. We believe that the preaching of the Bible must have the central place in our services. We believe that nothing can or should take the place of the preaching of the Word! Our conviction is that the church of Christ has suffered because she has downgraded the preaching of the Word. We believe that God’s people everywhere ought to be encouraged to pray that God would endow men with gifts of preaching, and that he would give to His churches great preachers.

The Doctrines of Grace
Reformed Baptists unashamedly declare their belief in those doctrines which are sometimes called the doctrines of grace. By this expression we mean in particular the doctrines of total depravity, unconditional election, definite atonement, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. We rejoice in these glorious truths which uphold the sovereignty of God in the salvation of men, and which so gloriously affirm the great central reality that salvation is all of grace, and that salvation is of the Lord! We rejoice that the doctrines of grace are clearly set forth in the Second London Confession of Faith of 1689, and in many other historic Protestant creeds. It is not just because these doctrines are found in the historic creeds, though we rejoice that that is the case, but it is because the doctrines are so clearly presented in the Holy Scriptures that we believe them.

Evangelism
We would like to affirm that Reformed Baptists believe in the necessity and responsibility of evangelism. We do not believe that there is an inconsistency between God’s sovereignty in the salvation of His chosen people and His command to us to preach the gospel to every creature. Now it is true that we do not believe in much that today goes under the name of evangelism. We believe that much that is called evangelism is little more than psychology and salesmanship. We are appalled by the pressures, gimmicks and schemes all calculated to produce “decisions” and impressive statistics but which work such havoc in the souls of men. No! Because we believe in evangelism does not mean that we are going to cooperate with every scheme which bears that name. We believe that in evangelism as in everything else, as we said earlier, we must be governed by the Word of God. The message of evangelism must be according to the Scriptures, and the method of evangelism must be governed by the Word of God! Nevertheless, we repeat that we do believe in evangelism, and our prayer is that God would ever keep us mindful of the need to evangelize.

Worship
A Reformed Baptist Church is a local church with a serious approach to worship. The God we worship is a God of majesty, glory and holiness. We believe that when we come together to worship this great and glorious God of the Bible we ought to do so with reverence and with godly fear. We believe that there ought to be a sense of AWE in our hearts when we gather to worship this God! You say, “But surely our worship must be exciting.” Yes indeed, we agree, but equally surely it must be an excitement stemming from the realization that we are obeying God by worshipping Him according to his commands, not an excitement arising from unbiblical worship practices cleverly designed to entertain us and appeal to our fleshly desires. We believe that there is a world of difference between a “dead” service and a serious, spiritual service. The first is not desired; the second is. Frivolity and childishness seem to us to be out of place and incongruous with the worship of God. Oh that when we worship we might feel the awe of God in our souls. Oh that we might see something of the glory seen by Isaiah and by the servants of God of old! This, then is the kind of church we are seeking to build. Other things could be said, but we have sought to touch on some of the basic points. May God raise up many such churches all over the land and all over the world which desire the same things and strive towards them. May God be pleased to visit His people again with showers of blessing that God might be glorified in and through His church!

What is a Reformed Baptist Church?
By Jim Savastio, Pastor

Reformed Baptist Church of Louisville

INTRODUCTION
Some years ago a number of churches began to emerge, calling themselves “Reformed Baptists.” Since then the elders and members of these churches have been asked time and again such questions as, “What is a Reformed Baptist?” and “What are you trying to reform?” Many find it difficult to answer such questions in a concise and effective manner. Some simply say, “We are what Baptists used to be!” While this statement is certainly true, for most modern people, believers and unbelievers alike, it explains very little. It is, therefore, with the goal of helping both tongue-tied Reformed Baptists and their sincere questioners that this booklet has been written. In it I propose to answer the question “What is a Reformed Baptist church?” in a way that is both brief and substantial. In seeking to answer the question three things will be discussed: First of all I will address the difficulty of the question; secondly, a definition of the terms will be given; and finally, the key distinctives of Reformed Baptist churches will be articulated.

THE DIFFICULTY OF THE SUBJECT
The answer to the question, “What is a Reformed Baptist church?” is difficult for two reasons. In the first place, it is difficult to answer because the terms Reformed and Baptists are often seen to be at odds with one another. Many theologians, both Reformed and Baptist, would say that such a title is a misnomer. Some claim that it is not possible to be both Reformed and baptistic! Though Baptists have been and can be Calvinistic, it is said, they are not and cannot be Reformed. The reason for this charge is simple: Reformed theology is almost always associated with paedo-baptism (infant sprinkling). Many who are Reformed in their theology view this perspective as the sine qua non of the Reformed Faith.

Secondly, the subject is difficult because there exists an ever-widening gulf between churches that call themselves Reformed Baptists. The term has not been copyrighted and, thus, there exists no definitive statement regarding who can lay claim to the title. You will find that no two Reformed Baptist churches walk in lock-step. Some churches call themselves “Reformed Baptists” when all they mean by that is that they hold to the so-called "Five points of Calvinism" and that they immerse believers. Other “Reformed Baptists” hold to the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith of 1689 in its entirety, while yet a third group of “Reformed Baptists” hold to but a few of the articles. And although most Reformed Baptists hold to a Biblical and Puritan view of the Lord’s Day Sabbath, there are some who reject the doctrine as legalistic. In addition, Reformed Baptists churches differ in regard to their understanding of the exact application of the Regulative Principle of worship (the conviction that the Bible alone dictates the worship and life of the church), in regard to who is invited to the Lord’s table, to Bible translations, hymnals, the structure of prayer meetings, ministerial training, the nature of the pastoral office, denominations, and associations, etc., etc. I must, therefore, explain the parameters of this study. Since the term “Reformed Baptist” is not copyrighted or patented (we could perhaps wish it were to avoid confusion!), I must define what I mean when I am using the term. The heart of this study will center around churches that adhere to the 1689 Confession in practice as well as in theory. This will settle beforehand such controversial issues as the so-called “Law and Grace Debate,” the issue of the Regulative Principle, and the doctrine of the Lord’s Day Sabbath. To adhere to the Confession in practice as well as in theory is to have such doctrines an integral part of that truth “most surely believed among us.”

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A DEFINITION OF TERMS
Two questions will be answered under this heading: 1) What do we mean by Reformed? and 2) What do we mean by Baptist?

What We Mean By “Reformed.”
We have taken the name “Reformed” deliberately, and we have done so for two reasons. First of all, it helps to explain something of our historical and theological roots. There is a body of theological beliefs that is commonly referred to as “The Reformed Faith.” Such Biblical truths as sola fide (justification by faith alone), sola gratia (salvation by God’s grace alone), sola scriptura (the Bible alone is the basis for faith and practice), solus Christus (salvation through Christ alone), and soli deo gloria (the fact that God alone is to receive glory in the salvation of sinners) are the hallmarks of the Protestant and Reformed Faith. The Reformed Faith is perhaps best known for its understanding that God is sovereign in the matter of man’s salvation. That is to say, that God has, before the foundation of the world, chosen certain sinners for salvation. He has done so sovereignly and according to His own good pleasure. The Reformed Faith teaches that, in time, Christ came and died for the sins of the elect—those who were chosen before time began. It teaches that in conversion the Holy Spirit, working in harmony with the decree of the Father and the death of the Son, applies the work of redemption to the elect.(see Ephesians 1:3ff) Therefore, when we say that we are Reformed we are saying that we embrace, as biblical, that system of theology known as the “doctrines of grace”: doctrinal truths that set forth the total depravity of man, the unconditional nature of election, the limited or particular nature of the atonement (that is that Christ shed His blood specifically for the same people that the Father elects and that the Spirit regenerates), the irresistibility of the effectual call, and the perseverance and preservation of the saints. But the Reformed Faith touches on far more than these basic truths regarding God’s glory in salvation. The Reformed Faith is concerned with God’s glory in the church, in society, in the family, and in a life of holiness. The Reformed Faith has a high and God-centered view of worship. The Reformed Faith embraces a high view of God’s law and of His church. In this “Reformed” tradition are the great names of Church history. John Calvin, John Knox, John Bunyan (author of Pilgrim’s Progress), John Newton (author of “Amazing Grace”), the famous Bible commentator Matthew Henry, the great evangelist George Whitefield, the great American theologian Jonathan Edwards, Adoniram Judson, William Carey, C.H. Spurgeon, A.W. Pink and a host of others all held tenaciously to the Reformed Faith. We must underscore, however, that we hold to these truths not because great men of church history held to them, but because Jesus and the apostles so clearly taught them.

Out of this theological understanding came the great Reformed confessions and creeds—the Synod of Dort, The Savoy Declaration, The Westminster Confession of Faith, and The Heidelberg Catechism. The Confession of Faith held to by Reformed Baptist churches is deeply rooted in these historic Reformed Documents (in most places it is an exact word for word copy from the Westminster and the Savoy). For these historical and theological reasons we lay hold of the title “Reformed.”

But we also use the term “Reformed” in a second way: We are seeking to reform ourselves and the churches of our generation back to the Bible. The vast majority of announcements from mainline denominations concerning the reformation of the church in recent days have been to move it away from its biblical and historical roots to that which is man-centered and culturally pleasing. There is a reformation going on in our day. It is an attempt to change the nature of the church from the House of God to the House of Entertainment. Sinners are being coddled rather than convicted. God’s power and majesty are things of a bygone era!

Reformed Baptists are making it their aim and ambition to come more and more in line with the Word of God. In this sense Reformed Baptists churches are not static. We do not claim to have arrived. We want to go back again and again to the Scriptures, so that we might continue forward to “finish the race” in a way that is pleasing to God. We do not want to do things because the Puritans did them or because other Reformed churches do them, we want to do what we do because we see it in our Bibles. “To the law and to the testimony” (Isaiah 8:20) must be upon our banners!

As modern-day reformers, Reformed Baptists are seeking to call all churches everywhere to repent from their man-centered ways, their man-pleasing worship, and their shallow theology. We are, if need be, willing to stand as a lone “voice in the wilderness,” calling the church of Jesus Christ to its Biblical beauty and uniqueness. It is our desire to see all churches have a “zeal for God’s house eat them up.”

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What We Mean By “Baptist”.
The name Baptist is a form of verbal shorthand for us to convey certain truths. First of all, we are using it to state the Biblical truths concerning the subjects and the mode of baptism. When we speak of the subjects of baptism, we refer to the truth that baptism is for believers only. We as Reformed Baptists owe a great debt to our Paedo-baptist brethren. Their writings have shaped us, challenged us, warmed us, and guided us again and again. We count them as our dear brethren. However, the Bible is not silent about the issue of baptism. The fact that baptism is for believers only is the clear and, we believe, indisputable teaching of the Word of God. The subjects of baptism are not to be discovered in Genesis (though it is my contention that a correct understanding of the Abrahamic Covenant proves believers’ baptism and demolishes infant baptism!), but in the Gospels and in the Epistles. Baptism is an ordinance of the New Covenant which must be understood in the light of New Covenant revelation. I assert as clearly and as plainly as I know how that there is not one single shred of evidence in the pages of the Old or New Testament to support the notion that the infants of believers are to be baptized. Every single biblical command to baptize and every single biblical example of baptism, as well as every doctrinal statement regarding the symbolic nature of baptism, proves that it is for believers only. I would strongly encourage you to take up your concordance and examine every text—along with its context—in which the word baptism and its cognates are used. As you do so, ask yourself such elementary questions as, “Who is being baptized?” “What does baptism signify in this text?” and, “Of whom are these things true?”

By “mode” we are referring to the fact that baptism is properly and biblically administered by immersion. The common Greek word for immersion or dipping is the word used in our New Testaments. The argument that the word has an occasional historic example meaning ‘to pour’ or ‘to sprinkle’ is surely special pleading. There are perfectly good Greek words meaning ‘to sprinkle’ and ‘to pour.’ In fact, there are numerous occasions in the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the OT) where the Greek words for immerse and sprinkle are used in the same context but with their distinct and separate meaning intact. (Such as the instances of the priest dipping his finger in blood and sprinkling an object—see Lev. 4:6, 4:17, 14:16, 14:51, and Num. 19:18 for a few examples).

Secondly, the name Baptist is meant to convey that only those who are converted and baptized have a right to membership in Christ’s church. This is often referred to as a regenerate membership. A careful reading of the NT epistles shows that the Apostles assumed that all the members of Christ’s churches were “saints,” “faithful brethren,” and “cleansed by Christ.” Sadly, many Baptist churches of our day are more concerned with having a “decisioned membership” and a “baptized membership” than a regenerate membership. It is the duty of the pastors and people of true churches to ensure, according to the best of their ability, that no unconverted person makes his or her way into the membership of a church.

THE DISTINCTIVE MARKS OF A REFORMED BAPTIST CHURCH
Someone may be saying, “I understand all of that, but what practical difference can be seen in Reformed Baptist churches?” How does this theology work itself out practically? Let me say at the outset that numerous truths concerning the marks of true churches are not here dealt with. All true churches must be marked by such things as love for Christ, the presence of the Spirit of God, sincere and earnest love for the brethren, and heartfelt prayer and devotion among God’s people. My purpose here is to lay out the practical differences that exist in our particular churches.

Reformed Baptist congregations are distinguished by their conviction regarding the sufficiency and authority of the Word of God. While all true Christians believe in the inspiration and infallibility of the Word of God, all do not believe in the sufficiency of the Bible. All true Christians believe that the Bible was “breathed out” by God and that it is infallible and without error in all of its parts. To deny this is to call God a liar, and hence, to lose your soul.

But while all true Christians believe this, all do not seek to regulate the life of the church in every area by the Word of God. There is a common belief, whether it is clearly stated or not, that the Bible is not a sufficient guide to tell you “how to do church.” This is behind much of what we see in the modern church growth movement, and it is founded by and large upon a belief that the Bible is silent regarding the nature and purpose of the church. It is for this cause that many feel the freedom to “reinvent the church.” For some reason, many believers seem to argue that God has no principles in His Word concerning the corporate life of his people! In these days, the clarion cry of all Christ-appointed shepherds of sheep needs to be that of the prophet Isaiah: “To the law and to the testimony! If they speak not according to this word it is because there is no light in them.”

Reformed Baptists have a conviction that the Bible and the Bible alone tells us what a church is (see 1 Tim. 3:15). The Bible and the Bible alone defines the offices of the church. The Bible tells us their number (two—elders and deacons), their qualifications, and their function ( See Acts 20, 1 Tim.3, Titus 1, Heb. 13, and 1 Peter 5). The Bible is a sufficient guide to tell us what worship is and how it is to be given (see Deut. 12:32, Lev. 10:1ff; John 4:23,24), as well as who can be a church-member, and what is required of those members.

The Bible is also sufficient to tell us what we are to do as a church, how we are to cooperate with other churches, how we are to send out missionaries, train men for the ministry, and a host of other things related to God’s will for His people. Paul told Timothy that the God-breathed scriptures would make the man of God complete, and that it would thoroughly equip him for every good work (2 Timothy 3:17). Can words be any more plain? If this text does not teach us to have confidence in the Bible and to look to the Scriptures for everything that God calls the church to do, then what does it teach? We have plenty of conservative churches in our day who believe the Bible, but not enough who are defined by the Bible!

Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by an unshakable conviction that the church exists for the glory of God (Eph. 3:21, 5:26, 27 and 1 Timothy 3:15). Because the church exists for the glory of God, the worship of God and the Word of God are central to its life. We have seen far too much at the present hour to indicate that the measure of a church is seen in what it has to offer man—the typical questions asked of a church are “Does it meet ‘felt needs’?” “Is it fun, is it relaxing, is it entertaining?” “What are its kid’s programs?” “Is it a place to meet people?”

But we believe that churches need to be far more concerned with the smile of God than with the smile of man, and that a suitable counter-question might be, “Whose house is it, anyway?” The answer is that the church is God’s house and not man’s. It is the place where He meets with His people in a special way. However, this does not mean that it is to be a dull, grim, unfeeling, insensitive place. The place where God dwells is the most glorious place on earth to the saint and it is an oasis to the thirsty soul of a sinner seeking the grace of God. However, the place of God’s dwelling is also solemn and holy. “How awesome is this place—it is no other than the house of God and the gate of heaven,” was Jacob’s exclamation in Genesis 28.

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It is this conviction that explains the reverence and seriousness with which we approach the worship of God. Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by their conviction that the local church is central to the purposes of God on the earth. We live in the time of the “para-church.” We live in the day of independently-minded Christians who floats from place to place without ever committing themselves to the church. This “Lone Ranger” attitude is not only spiritually dangerous, but it is thoroughly contrary to the revealed mind of God.

While many have rightly diagnosed the failure of the church to do its mission, the answer is not to abandon the church, but rather to seek its reformation and its biblical restoration. The church alone is the special dwelling place of God upon the earth (Eph. 2:22). The great commission of the church is fulfilled as preachers of the gospel are sent out by local churches to plant new churches by means of conversion, baptism, and discipleship. Many well-meaning organizations are seeking to take upon themselves the task that the living God entrusted to His church. To whom has God entrusted the missionary mandate? To whom did God give instructions for the discipleship and encouragement and shaping of believers? To whom did God entrust the equipping of the saints and the training of men to lead the next generation? If the all-sufficient Bible answers that all these are the responsibilities of the local church, are we free to ignore it in light of the status quo? Do we simply throw up our hands and admit that these things just won’t work? Or do we take up our duty with courage, believing in the justice of our cause? May God help us to embrace our identity!

Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by their conviction that preaching is foundational to the life of the church. How is God most often pleased to save sinners? How is God most often pleased to exhort, challenge, and build up his saints? How is Christ most powerfully displayed to the mind and heart? It is through the preaching of the Word of God! (1 Cor. 1:21; Eph. 4:11-16 ; 2 Tim. 4:1ff) Therefore, as Reformed Baptists, but more particularly as serious, biblically-minded Christians, we reject the trends of our day toward shallow teaching, cancelled preaching services, the giving of the services of worship over to testimonies, movies, drama, dance, or singing. The Word of God is to be central in the worship of God. Paul warned of the day that would come when professed churchman would no longer tolerate sound doctrine. He stated that according to their own desires they would heap up for themselves teachers who would tickle their itching ears. The apostolic command thundered forth to Timothy, that in the midst of such mindless drivel he should “Preach the Word!” (2 Tim. 4:1ff). We abominate lazy preaching and unfaithful shepherds who will not feed the sheep. The condemnation of the Word of God is clear to such: “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy and say to them, ‘Thus says the Lord GOD to the shepherds: “Woe to the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flocks?” (Ezekiel 34:2).

Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by the conviction that salvation radically alters the life of the convert. It is tragic that such a thing needs to be mentioned. We live in the day of decisionism. The idea is that you pray a certain formula prayer and are therefore declared to be saved. It matters not whether you break with sin or pursue holiness (Heb. 12:14). You can live like hell and go to heaven! What a bargain! Many popular Bible teachers claim this as a great defense of the grace of God. We see it clearly as a “turning of the grace of God into licentiousness” (Jude v. 4). When Paul describes the conversion of the Ephesians in chapter five he uses the greatest antonyms in the human language—you were darkness but now you are light in the Lord. And in 2 Cor. 6:14 Paul asks the rhetorical question: “What fellowship has light with darkness?” The Jesus we proclaim is a great Savior. He does not leave His people in their lifeless condition. We proclaim the Jesus who came to save his people from their sins (Matt. 1:21). We proclaim the biblical truth that if anyone is in Christ he is a new creature (2 Cor. 5:17). We proclaim the Jesus who came to make a people zealous for good works (Titus 2:14). We reject as unbiblical the modern notion that a man can embrace Christ as Savior and reject his Lordship. The word of God nowhere teaches that Christ can be divided. If you have Christ at all, you have received a whole Christ—Prophet, Priest, and King.Reformed Baptist churches have a conviction that the Law of God (as expressed in the Ten Commandments) is regulative in the life of the new covenant believer (see Jere. 31:31-34 and 1 John 2:3,4). Paul says in 1 Corinthians 7:19 that, “Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing, keeping the commandments of God is what matters.” We assert to this antinomian (lawless) age of Christianity, which makes no demands on its “converts,” that God’s way of holiness has not changed. The law written on the heart in creation is the same law codified in the Ten Commandments on Sinai, and the same law written on the hearts of those who enter into the New Covenant. The Apostle John tells us that if we claim to know God and yet do not keep His commandments, we are liars and the truth is not in us. Jesus told His disciples that the way in which they would demonstrate that they truly loved Him was by obeying His commandments. Jesus tells us in Matt. 7 that many professing Christians will find themselves cast out on the last day because they were “practicers of lawlessness” who did not do the Father’s will (i.e. obey His commandments).Among the laws of God none is so hated as the thought that God requires believers to give of their time to worship him and to turn from worldly pursuits. In recent years many have leveled an unrelenting attack upon the Fourth Commandment. The Presbyterian pastor and Bible commentator Albert Barnes once wrote, “There is a state of things in this land that is tending to obliterate the Sabbath altogether. The Sabbath has more enemies in this land than all the other institutions of religion put together. At the same time it is more difficult to meet the enemy here than anywhere else—for we come into conflict not with argument but with interest and pleasure and the love of indulgence and of gain.” We agree with John Bunyan, who said, “A man shall show his heart and life, what they are, more by one Lord’s Day than by all the days of the week besides. To delight ourselves in God’s service upon His Holy Day gives a better proof of a sanctified nature than to grudge at the coming of such days.” Modern man is so addicted to his pleasures, his games, and his entertainment that the thought that he must give them up for twenty-four hours to worship and to delight in God is seen as legalistic bondage. It is a particular grief to see those who profess to love Jesus Christ shrink from turning from their own pleasures. To God’s people, who love His law and meditate upon it to the delight of their blood-bought souls, such a commandment is not bondage, but a precious gift.

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Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by a conviction regarding male leadership in the church. Our age has witnessed the feminization of Christianity. God created two sexes in creation and gave to each different corresponding roles. While the sexes are equal in Creation, the Fall, and Redemption, God has nonetheless sovereignly ordained that leadership in the home, the state, and the church is to be male. It is our experience that those whose minds have been unduly influenced by this generation find our worship, leadership, and family structure to be jarring. When the Bible speaks of husbands and fathers leading the home (see Eph. 5,6, and Col. 3) it is not culturally conditioned. When the Bible speaks of men leading in prayer, teaching, preaching, and serving as elders and deacons (see 1 Tim 2 and 3), we must bow with submissive and dutiful hearts. Culture must not carry the day in the church of Jesus Christ!

Reformed Baptist churches are distinguished by a conviction regarding the serious nature of church membership. We take seriously the admonition of Heb.10:24,25 to “…stir up love and good works, not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together…” We take seriously the duties and responsibilities of church membership. In other words, membership actually means something in Reformed Baptist Churches. There ought not to be a great disparity between Sunday morning and evening and mid- week. The same membership is expected to be at all the services of the church. It is impossible to share in the life of the church in the manner which God intended and to willingly absent yourself from its public gatherings. We recognize that few churches would make such a demand, but biblical churchmanship presupposes such a commitment to God, your pastors, and your brothers and sisters.

In closing let me seek to apply these things to our hearts. First of all, a word to my fellow Reformed Baptists. Let us see the importance of our distinctives. I urge you not to surrender them to the pressures to conform to modern Christianity. To those who are considering joining such a church, I encourage you to count the cost. Realize that you are committing yourself not only to a local body, but to these distinctives as well. If you are a Christian your only excuse for leaving a church committed to such principles is to find one that is more biblical—not less. To our children, I would say that our greatest desire is your conversion to Christ. But after that great transformation we long to see you embrace these biblical truths and to exceed us in your biblical convictions and practices! This, then, is what we mean when we say that we are Reformed Baptists. If these truths have echoed in your heart as biblical, it is our desire that you will seek out a safe place for the feeding and nurturing of your never dying soul.

Wesley Briggman said:

I have been a member of numerous Baptist Churches over the past sixty years. I never heard the term "reformed" mentioned in any of them. Yet, they all where in compliance with Biblical (Reformed?) doctrine.

If you consider how "Reformed Theology/Doctrine" has been applied across the so-called Christian spectrum, it is a bucket of worms! What do "reformed" denominations have in common? Very little - at most. Just about anything is OK under the blanket of "Reformed Theology" - from infant baptism to speaking in tongues.

R. C. Sproul stated: "Reformed Theology is nothing but Biblical Theology". According to his statement, the reformers placed them selves above the Holy Spirit's revelation!

I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

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Hello Wesley,
The Reformation was a move of God by Luther and the others to correct the errors of the Roman Church who had added tradition to the scriptures.
The word reformation has the meaning or idea of setting things right.
What R.C. Sproul and others are getting at, is not that they are over scripture, but rather they are saying scripture alone is the primary rule of faith and practice. Baptist Historian Tom Nettles traces Baptist history from the times of the reformers to America, and points out that the majority of the churches were Particular or Calvinistic Baptist churches but have been gradually being watered down by what we call evangelical Baptists.

History of Southern Baptists in America
Tom Nettles has significantly contributed to the understanding of the history of Southern Baptists in America. His academic work and teaching have helped shape the theological discourse within the Southern Baptist tradition. Nettles' influence extends beyond his classroom, as he has been a key figure in the Southern Baptist Founders Conference and on the Board of Founders Ministries, advocating for a return to theological depth in preaching and religious education. His writings and courses have provided valuable insights into the historical context of Southern Baptist beliefs and practices.

Wesley Briggman said:

The Reformers failed in their efforts to correct errors of the RCC.

Again: I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

PS: In my opinion Martin Luther was a despicable example of a Christian. Is there any documentation that he was born-again? He was sprinkled the day after he was born. Catholics consider that to impart grace for rebirth. Also, he authored "Of Jews and Their Lies", giving Hitler cover for persecuting Jews!

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The 5 solas....salvation by grace alone, without any add mixture of man's works added. Yes he had been sprinkled as a child, the fact that he laef that church gives some evidence that God was with him. I am not his judge, never met him.

Wesley Briggman said:

Reformed posted on another thread: "I'm careful about championing Christian celebrity preachers. However, Voddie Baucham was the real deal. He truly was a giant (figuratively and literally) in Reformed Baptist circles. He leaves behind a faithful legacy and a godly example. He is missed."

What are the distinctives of "Reformed Baptist"?

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The term "Reformed Baptist" is really an American invention. Its genesis goes back to nearly 60 years ago to Grace Baptist Church in Carlisle, PA. There is a long history there. At its core Reformed Baptists are nearly identical to 17th century English Particular Baptists. The particular part has to do with the doctrine of particular redemption (the Calvinist view of election and predestination). The "Reformed" moniker was born out of the closeness that Particular Baptists share with Reformed denominations like Presbyterianism and Dutch Reformed. Most Reformed Baptists churches (but not all) believe in covenant theology. This is similar to the Reformed denominations I mentioned. They also believe in the Doctrines of Grace. Most subscribe to one of the major Baptist confessions of faith like the 1689 LBC, 1644 LBC, or the New Hampshire Confession. These confessions are not equal to scripture, but they are a concise, published summary of what a church believes scripture teaches. Where Reformed Baptist churches differ from other Reformed denominations is over the nature of the New Covenant and baptism. Reformed Baptist churches are in general agreement with non-Calvinist Baptist churches on these two doctrines.

The question was asked about what the term "Reformed" means and what needed reforming. The term was born out of Martin Luther's desire to reform Roman Catholic Church teaching and practice. Luther never intended to separate from Rome. Separation eventually occurred but the "Reformed" name became ubiquitous when describing what history labeled as "the Reformation" and "Protestantism". Today some Calvinistic Baptist churches use the term "Reformed" to declare what they believe. This is no different than "Missionary Baptist", "Free Will Baptist", or even "Primitive Baptist."

So, there it is. Have a blessed day.

Wesley Briggman said:

The Reformers failed in their efforts to correct errors of the RCC.

Again: I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

PS: In my opinion Martin Luther was a despicable example of a Christian. Is there any documentation that he was born-again? He was sprinkled the day after he was born. Catholics consider that to impart grace for rebirth. Also, he authored "Of Jews and Their Lies", giving Hitler cover for persecuting Jews!

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What do you mean when you say the reformers failed? In what way did they fail?

Reformed said:

The term "Reformed Baptist"....Its genesis goes back to nearly 60 years ago to Grace Baptist Church in Carlisle, PA.

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No, both Primitive Baptists and Campbellite Baptists were saying they were just "Reformed Baptists" in the 1820s, before they separated into their own distinct denominations. And then for much of the twentieth century the name was used by a holiness group in the Northeast and Canada, the Reformed Baptist Alliance. In the 1960s that group merged into the Wesleyan Church, freeing up the name to be taken up by this latest group that you mention.

Reformed said:

The term "Reformed Baptist"....Its genesis goes back to nearly 60 years ago to Grace Baptist Church in Carlisle, PA.

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Tom Chantry, who grew up in the Carlisle, Pa. church you mention, made a website explaining the brief history of this kind of 'Reformed Baptists':

ChantryNotes • Reflections on Reformed Baptists' History

Charlie24 said:

The distinctives are the same with all 5 pt. Calvinists.

TULIP and Covenant Theology.

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Actually, there are Calvinist Baptists who hold to just doctrines of Grace, while those who hold to Covenant theology and Confessions are Reformed Baptists

Wesley Briggman said:

Reformed posted on another thread: "I'm careful about championing Christian celebrity preachers. However, Voddie Baucham was the real deal. He truly was a giant (figuratively and literally) in Reformed Baptist circles. He leaves behind a faithful legacy and a godly example. He is missed."

What are the distinctives of "Reformed Baptist"?

Click to expand...

A Baptist who would hold to the Doctrines of Grace, Covenant theology, and abide by a Confession of Faith, usually 1689 edition

Wesley Briggman said:

I have been a member of numerous Baptist Churches over the past sixty years. I never heard the term "reformed" mentioned in any of them. Yet, they all where in compliance with Biblical (Reformed?) doctrine.

If you consider how "Reformed Theology/Doctrine" has been applied across the so-called Christian spectrum, it is a bucket of worms! What do "reformed" denominations have in common? Very little - at most. Just about anything is OK under the blanket of "Reformed Theology" - from infant baptism to speaking in tongues.

R. C. Sproul stated: "Reformed Theology is nothing but Biblical Theology". According to his statement, the reformers placed them selves above the Holy Spirit's revelation!

I ask my rhetorical question: What did the reformers reform that needed reforming?

Click to expand...

The Gospel itself, as very nearly died while under the Chaining of Rome, as well as the Bible to and for all, and that individuals can understand bible for themselves , can pray to God directly etc

Reformed said:

The term "Reformed Baptist" is really an American invention. Its genesis goes back to nearly 60 years ago to Grace Baptist Church in Carlisle, PA. There is a long history there. At its core Reformed Baptists are nearly identical to 17th century English Particular Baptists. The particular part has to do with the doctrine of particular redemption (the Calvinist view of election and predestination). The "Reformed" moniker was born out of the closeness that Particular Baptists share with Reformed denominations like Presbyterianism and Dutch Reformed. Most Reformed Baptists churches (but not all) believe in covenant theology. This is similar to the Reformed denominations I mentioned. They also believe in the Doctrines of Grace. Most subscribe to one of the major Baptist confessions of faith like the 1689 LBC, 1644 LBC, or the New Hampshire Confession. These confessions are not equal to scripture, but they are a concise, published summary of what a church believes scripture teaches. Where Reformed Baptist churches differ from other Reformed denominations is over the nature of the New Covenant and baptism. Reformed Baptist churches are in general agreement with non-Calvinist Baptist churches on these two doctrines.

The question was asked about what the term "Reformed" means and what needed reforming. The term was born out of Martin Luther's desire to reform Roman Catholic Church teaching and practice. Luther never intended to separate from Rome. Separation eventually occurred but the "Reformed" name became ubiquitous when describing what history labeled as "the Reformation" and "Protestantism". Today some Calvinistic Baptist churches use the term "Reformed" to declare what they believe. This is no different than "Missionary Baptist", "Free Will Baptist", or even "Primitive Baptist."

So, there it is. Have a blessed day.

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if your worship service allows for more than just hymnals, if your church does not subscribe to any Confession, and if you hold to Calvinism, just doctrines of Grace itself, and if not holding to Covenant theology proper. you are a Calvinist Baptist church, not a reformed one

Zaatar71 said:

What do you mean when you say the reformers failed? In what way did they fail?

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Martin Luther and other reformers, failed to correct errors of the RCC.

Do you believe otherwise?

JesusFan said:

The Gospel itself, as very nearly died while under the Chaining of Rome, as well as the Bible to and for all, and that individuals can understand bible for themselves , can pray to God directly etc

Click to expand...

JesusFan said:

Actually, there are Calvinist Baptists who hold to just doctrines of Grace, while those who hold to Covenant theology and Confessions are Reformed Baptists

Click to expand...

JesusFan said:

A Baptist who would hold to the Doctrines of Grace, Covenant theology, and abide by a Confession of Faith, usually 1689 edition

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I conclude that Reformed Theology in every and all aspects is a bucket of worms. (repeating myself). These and other posts justify my conclusion.

Wesley Briggman said:

I conclude that Reformed Theology in every and all aspects is a bucket of worms. (repeating myself). These and other posts justify my conclusion.

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Reformed theology regarding Sotierology is what the Bible affirms