John,
First off, let me say there have been many prayers offered for you--for your personal safety and for your ministry. I certainly hope all things are going well and I hope you are and will remain safe.
Secondly, in the past, I've known you to be a much more careful reader than you are being here. Now, some of your misunderstanding (of the discussion here) might be because you may not have read the posts linked in the OP.
It may be possible, also, that you did not read the Mounce article in the OP.
I'm not really interested in the theology of this thread and the arguments on both sides. But I have to step in here because Van has gotten a bad rap. His analysis of the Greek has been attacked by those who should know better.
As you've stated, you haven't read the entire thread. His "analysis" is not any analysis at all. He has read a commentator that is taking the prepositional phrase as adverbial related to the verb "chose" and is, therefore, suggesting that the prepositional phrase is, in this case, answering the question "how is the action of the verb accomplished."
Van has stated, in quite a contradiction, that 1. He does not know the language or grammar and 2. the grammar supports his interpretation.
So, in other words, Van and his Muse are suggesting that God's election is based on our belief and sanctification, that our present belief is what causes God to elect us.
Now, of course, the Aorist nature of the verb "chose" gives the snapshot of past time. So, this argues against God adding to the elect in the past as a completed action cannot be completed if it is still being added to.
Now, I must say, I really don't have a theological dog in this fight. My theological persuasion is well-known, but I will say that this verse doesn't impact my thoughts one way or the other. What I am arguing against is Van's insistence that this prepositional phrase
must be adverbial without any explanation as to why it
must. As we found out, he has no knowledge of the Greek language or grammar to offer.
I am not trying to say this verse supports my position. I am only trying to point out that it takes quite a bit of stretching and breaking to support his.
1. The burden of proof that a prepositional phrase is not adverbial is on the opposition. Prepositional phrases are adverbial. In fact, prepositions themselves started out as adverbs in classical Greek. Note A. T. Robertson: "PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES. These adjuncts have the substantial force of adverbs" (A Grammar of the Greek N. T. in the Light of Historical Research, p. 550). Again, Robertson quotes Giles twice on p. 301: "The preposition therefore is only an adverb specialized to define a case-usage," and "To quote Giles again, 'between adverbs and prepositions no distinct line can be drawn.'" Again, Daniel Wallace says, "Prepositions are, in some respects, extended adverbs.... There are exceptions to the adverbial force of prepositions. Some function at times adjectivally" (Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, pp. 356-357). But The Archangel has not shown us why the adjectival use is seen in 2 Thess. 2:13. Instead, he demands that Van prove why the prepositional phrase follows its normal usage!
As you well know, Wallace explains the evolution of the preposition and, in so doing, he explains the difference between the adverbial use of the dative and use of the prepositional phrase ἐν + dative. He clearly and unmistakably states (and I don't have my book in front of me) the uses do not necessarily overlap. So, just because a dative is used adverbially, does not require the ἐν + dative to be used adverbially.
As you yourself quoted, some prepositional phrases do function adjectivally.
Why would it be adjectival in this case? The most simple explanation is that the word order of the sentence strongly argues that the prepositional phrase modifies the accusative noun "salvation" not the verb. In fact, Mounce makes this same argument.
2. The Archangel says,
εἰς is a pronoun of motion. Which is to say there is a verbal idea (not grammatically, but conceptually) with the phrase εἰς σωτηρίαν.
So, while this is technically a noun, to properly convey the concept of motion contained in the Greek pronoun εἰς and to properly convey the inherent concept in the Greek word σωτηρίαν, which itself implies motion, conceptually, one should translate this with a verbal aspect. Now that does not mean that the original text of εἰς σωτηρίαν is a verb. However, when trying to express the basic, underlying meaning of the construction in English, a verbal form is perfectly acceptable.
He is mistaking translation for exegesis here. When you exegete a passage, you look at the meaning in the original. When you translate, you put the meaning in a different language. So you can translate the way he wants to if you are using dynamic equivalence, in which the form of the original is not important in getting the meaning into the "receptor language" (Nida's term), if the reader responds correctly.
This is what I don't understand about your care in reading my argument. I am addressing both exegesis and translation. Perhaps, again, you didn't read some of the links to earlier conversations between Van and me and, perhaps, I should have made a better effort to clarify and classify the discussion based on those previous conversations--especially when he disparaged the ESV and NIV for turning "salvation" into a verb. Now, I love the ESV, but I know it is not always right. I think it gets "as first fruits" wrong. I know other places where its translation is not the best.
Having said that, I would have hoped my grammatical discussion of the relation of the prepositional phrase to the noun and my translational discussion were easily discernible as addressing two separate things, perhaps not.
Suffice it to say, the grammatical argument and the translational argument are not crossing in my mind.
I am arguing that the prepositional phrase is, indeed, adjectival, modifying "salvation." I am doing so on a grammatical basis. My translational discussion, on the other hand, was to explain why some translations--most notably the ESV--translate this as a verb.
On a side-note. Van is using the NASB and is taking all his grammar from the English grammar in the NASB. In his discussions here and other places, he insists that 1 Peter 1:1-2 says we are "chosen [verb] according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, by the sanctifying work of the Spirit, to obey Jesus Christ and be sprinkled with His blood"
He is assuming that "chosen" is a verb simply because the NASB renders it as such. In fact, "chosen" is an adjective.
He views these passages as kindred passages, precisely because he cannot get into the Greek for himself.
On the other hand, in a literal method of translation (formal equivalence, essentially literal, optimal equivalence, my own method, etc.) The Archangel's rendering would be wrong, because we believe the form of the original has meaning that should be retained in the target language. So The Archangel's explanation of εἰς here is not exegesis but dynamic equivalence translation.
See the above reply. You are assuming a crossing of the streams on my part where there is no intention to do so. I am well aware of the difference between exegesis and translation and I was addressing both things simultaneously, which may not have been the clearest way to go.
I could go on, but I'll stop. Several somebodies owe Van an apology. What are his credentials, you ask. What does it matter? He could be a novice at Greek or he could have a Ph. D. What matters is the truth. He was right in these two points if not others. (I've not thought through and examined the whole thread.)
With all due respect, I don't think it can be said he is right--that the prepositional phrase is related to the verb answering "how." In fact, "he" can't be right because he as made no argument. Again, by his own admission, he does not know Greek, yet claims that he does based only on a commentary he has read. The commentator to which he is beholden (which he refuses to cite) seems to take the prepositional phrase as
always being adverbial--almost in a formulaic manner. Of course you know that the prepositional phrases do not give their meaning based solely on formulae.
In the end, I'll be happy to side with Mounce on this one (as I was happy to side with Schreiner on our last conversation). One thing that troubles me here is this: With all your noted and very apparent learning, to disagree with Mounce (who only happens to agree with me) on this passage would be the second time you have gone against a world-class, world-renowned scholar (not me, of course).
This is not to call your skills, character, or heart into question. But, it does make me scratch my head. Again, I have all the respect in the world for what you are doing--especially in a hard place like Japan.
Blessings,
The Archangel