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Atonement Theories

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Steve Allen

Member
My question for the PSA people is: what exactly do you mean by "substitutionary"?

To substitute something means to put something else in its place and take away the thing being substituted. In this case (if I understand PSA correctly) Jesus in ours. i.e. Jesus dying so we don't have to.

But the nature of Jesus' death is the death of the flesh, not of the Spirit. If His death is to be substituted for ours, then we should expect that we would not see the death of the flesh, He having suffered it for us.

But we do undergo this death of the flesh. So either His death isn't substitutionary or it hasn't been applied to anyone so far.

(I remind the reader that the word "substitute" and its derivatives are not found in the Scripture.)

And you can't say that it will be applied substitutionally at the Resurrection, because he didn't stay dead, nor will he die at that time. It's not a matter of substitution at all, unless it's our life (not our death!) being replaced by His. We still have to die. That is not substituted at all.

But will we live?

Which brings us to the answer to the question "why did He shed His blood is not for PSA?"

Namely, "for the life of the world".




Sent from my Pixel 2 using Tapatalk
 

canadyjd

Well-Known Member
My question for the PSA people is: what exactly do you mean by "substitutionary"?

To substitute something means to put something else in its place and take away the thing being substituted. In this case (if I understand PSA correctly) Jesus in ours. i.e. Jesus dying so we don't have to.

But the nature of Jesus' death is the death of the flesh, not of the Spirit. If His death is to be substituted for ours, then we should expect that we would not see the death of the flesh, He having suffered it for us.

But we do undergo this death of the flesh. So either His death isn't substitutionary or it hasn't been applied to anyone so far.

(I remind the reader that the word "substitute" and its derivatives are not found in the Scripture.)

And you can't say that it will be applied substitutionally at the Resurrection, because he didn't stay dead, nor will he die at that time. It's not a matter of substitution at all, unless it's our life (not our death!) being replaced by His. We still have to die. That is not substituted at all.

But will we live?

Which brings us to the answer to the question "why did He shed His blood is not for PSA?"

Namely, "for the life of the world".




Sent from my Pixel 2 using Tapatalk
It was His suffering that substituted for our suffering.
 

canadyjd

Well-Known Member
But our suffering with Christ does not pay the penalty for our sins. He suffered in our place. When He had finished paying that price in full, He said, "It is finished", and then He died.

Whatever was accomplished on the cross must include the fact of His suffering.
 

canadyjd

Well-Known Member
Also, the fact that we die doesn't mean His death didn't substitute for ours. Because we are in Christ, our death is turned into life at the ressurection.
 

JonC

Moderator
Moderator
My question for the PSA people is: what exactly do you mean by "substitutionary"?

To substitute something means to put something else in its place and take away the thing being substituted. In this case (if I understand PSA correctly) Jesus in ours. i.e. Jesus dying so we don't have to.

But the nature of Jesus' death is the death of the flesh, not of the Spirit. If His death is to be substituted for ours, then we should expect that we would not see the death of the flesh, He having suffered it for us.

But we do undergo this death of the flesh. So either His death isn't substitutionary or it hasn't been applied to anyone so far.

(I remind the reader that the word "substitute" and its derivatives are not found in the Scripture.)

And you can't say that it will be applied substitutionally at the Resurrection, because he didn't stay dead, nor will he die at that time. It's not a matter of substitution at all, unless it's our life (not our death!) being replaced by His. We still have to die. That is not substituted at all.

But will we live?

Which brings us to the answer to the question "why did He shed His blood is not for PSA?"

Namely, "for the life of the world".




Sent from my Pixel 2 using Tapatalk
Here you have pointed out an important distinction between early Christian belief and a more contemporary understanding of the nature of the atonement. PSA "spiritualizes" passages dealing with the wages of sin and the Cross to focus on a spiritual death. I believe this comes out of RCC doctrine (as reflected in such things as the "treasury of merit", indulgences and penance, and Purgatory) and was carried over during the Reformation. It was taken for granted that the wages of sin was primarily a spiritual death even though Paul focused mainly on the physical death and bodily resurrection.
 

canadyjd

Well-Known Member
And what is the penalty* for sin?

*[another word not found in the Scripture, btw]
The wages of sin is death. Paul personifies "sin" as a slave master controlling the slave. The slave masters would often pay the slaves a small amount of money, which they could save and purchase their freedom. The "sin master" only pays with death, there is no way to buy your freedom from sin.

Therefore, the only way to be free from the sin master and death is through faith in Jesus.
 

Yeshua1

Well-Known Member
Site Supporter
My question for the PSA people is: what exactly do you mean by "substitutionary"?

To substitute something means to put something else in its place and take away the thing being substituted. In this case (if I understand PSA correctly) Jesus in ours. i.e. Jesus dying so we don't have to.

But the nature of Jesus' death is the death of the flesh, not of the Spirit. If His death is to be substituted for ours, then we should expect that we would not see the death of the flesh, He having suffered it for us.

But we do undergo this death of the flesh. So either His death isn't substitutionary or it hasn't been applied to anyone so far.

(I remind the reader that the word "substitute" and its derivatives are not found in the Scripture.)

And you can't say that it will be applied substitutionally at the Resurrection, because he didn't stay dead, nor will he die at that time. It's not a matter of substitution at all, unless it's our life (not our death!) being replaced by His. We still have to die. That is not substituted at all.

But will we live?

Which brings us to the answer to the question "why did He shed His blood is not for PSA?"

Namely, "for the life of the world".




Sent from my Pixel 2 using Tapatalk
Its not just that he died in our place, but that he took upon Himself the full wrath of God that has to be satsified to ender justification to us!
 

Yeshua1

Well-Known Member
Site Supporter
Not so, for we must also suffer with Him (Rom. 8:17; 1 Cor. 12:26; 2 Tim. 2:12; 1 Pet. 2:20, 21). This is not substitution.

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We do not suffer as he did though, as none of ours would be to pay off the din debt owed to God for breaking His law!
 

Yeshua1

Well-Known Member
Site Supporter
Here you have pointed out an important distinction between early Christian belief and a more contemporary understanding of the nature of the atonement. PSA "spiritualizes" passages dealing with the wages of sin and the Cross to focus on a spiritual death. I believe this comes out of RCC doctrine (as reflected in such things as the "treasury of merit", indulgences and penance, and Purgatory) and was carried over during the Reformation. It was taken for granted that the wages of sin was primarily a spiritual death even though Paul focused mainly on the physical death and bodily resurrection.
Not the focus though,as the real focus is jsut how can Holy God have His wrath towards sin satidsfied and propiated,in order to be able to declare sinner not guilty anymore!
 

JonC

Moderator
Moderator
Not the focus though,as the real focus is jsut how can Holy God have His wrath towards sin satidsfied and propiated,in order to be able to declare sinner not guilty anymore!
Y1,

Unless I am horribly mistaken, this thread is about theories of atonement. As such, there is a discussion to be had.

Your mistake is to assume that every theory somehow adopts the same presumptions as PSA and therefore attempts to address those ideas.

My suggestion to you is to simply try to understand what others are saying. If you are successful then you have grounds to agree or disagree with opposing theories.
 

Steve Allen

Member
The wages of sin is death.

Yes, and we die. Ergo, we still pay the penalty. It is not substitution.

Physical death, spiritual seperation [sic] from God, and final judgement into hell...

1) Physical Death.

See above re the wages of sin.

2) Spiritual Separation from God.

Jesus did not undergo this at any time. To assert such is rank heresy denying His divinity. Therefore, this is not a "substitution" situation either.

3) Final judgment into hell

Jesus is the Judge at the final judgment, not the judged. He says, "Depart from me." Not "Ok, I'm going there now so the rest of you can stay here." This is not a substitution, either.

It's not, "He ever dieth to make intercession for us", but "He ever liveth to make intercession for us." He is not made the Mediator of the New Testament by reason of an unending death, but by the power of an unending life. So again: not substitution at all.

The fact of the matter is that substitution has nothing to do with the atonement. Any "substitutionary atonement" theory (penal or otherwise) is just flat wrong.

Its not just that he died in our place, but that he took upon Himself the full wrath of God that has to be satsified [sic] to ender [sic] justification to us!

Show me in the Scripture where the wrath of God has to be satisfied to render justification to us. Or where God's wrath has to be poured out once kindled. You won't find it there. In fact, you will find that God is quick to have compassion, and He doesn't need blood or death to turn His wrath away -- only humility and obedience.

The only question that comes up is this: Since the vast majority of people pre-Christ were not humble or obedient, how can God be righteous, having overlooked their sin for so long (winked at it), and not pouring out His wrath on them, choosing patience and forbearance instead?

If all this "wrath of God fully satisfied and propitiated on Jesus" business were actually Scriptural (it's not), there still remains this question: If He took upon Himself the full wrath of God, then why is there yet wrath to come? If the wrath of God was fully satisfied, where is the wrath of the Great Day of the Lord? Why is there any judgment into hell if God was satiated? Did not Christ die for all? Or did He only die for some? Is He the propitiation for our sins only? No, but also for the whole world. So His death and suffering can't be a "substitute" for the final judgment into Hell, because if it is then no one will go to Hell at all, but the Scripture clearly says some will.

We do not suffer as he did though, as none of ours would be to pay off the din debt owed to God for breaking His law!

Scripture does not say anything about the breaking of the law being a debt to God. Rather, the one who is under the Law is a debtor to the Law, to keep the whole thing.

And even if it is a debt to God, God is fully capable of declaring a debt forgiven of His own initiative, without some appeasement of pain and suffering. The servant simply had to ask his lord, "Have mercy on me, and I will pay you everything." And the lord forgave the debt. No pain, no suffering, no sacrifice.

The one who said, "Lord, have mercy on me a sinner" -- he went home justified! Quite simple. Again, no pain, no suffering, no sacrifice. Just humility and asking.

They who say that Jesus paid our debt incurred by breaking the Law, and that by this payment we are justified, because (they assume) justification is a matter of keeping the Law perfectly, and He did that for us who could not -- those who say such things are Judaizers, because they are still saying that our justification is a matter of the Law being kept; they are quibbling over who did the keeping, but it's still justification by the works of the Law! To those who say such things Christ is become of no effect; they are fallen from grace.

Rather, by the grace of the Holy Spirit operating in our hearts through faith, we die with Him, for we are baptized into His death, and our bodies are made (with His) dead to the law. This death is still because of sin, and we must still undergo it! (Again we see that this is not substitution at all!)

We all have to die because of sin: however, there is only one place we can die and receive life in our death: that is, on the cross of Christ in the body of Christ the giver of life, because His blood flowing out from that body -- our body, that is, united with His -- carries away our sins with it.

Thus the sting of death, sin, is removed. The strength of sin, which is the Law, is ended not because "it hits Him and not us", but because in dying with Him we die to the Law, and the law of sin which works in our members dies as well, and we receive His Spirit by which we mortify and put to death the flesh with its law of sin warring it its members, if we walk in Him.

So His death is not a substitution for our own, but the place where our own becomes filled with His life (for the life of the flesh is in the blood), our sins washing away with/in His blood. His cross and suffering and death becomes a place of refuge for us to hide ourselves:

Isaiah said:
In that day shall the branch of the LORD be beautiful and glorious,
["the branch of the LORD" is a title for Jesus -- the Nazarine]
and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely
for them that are escaped of Israel.
And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion,
and he that remaineth in Jerusalem,
shall be called holy [i.e. saints, from the Latin 'sanctus', meaning 'holy']
even
every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem:
When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion,
and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof
by the spirit of judgment,
and by the spirit of burning.
And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion,
and upon her assemblies [i.e. her churches]
a cloud and smoke by day,
and the shining of a flaming fire by night:
for upon all the glory shall be a defence.
And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the daytime from the heat,
and for a place of refuge,
and for a covert from storm and from rain.
 

Steve Allen

Member
Not the focus though,as the real focus is jsut how can Holy God have His wrath towards sin satidsfied and propiated,in order to be able to declare sinner not guilty anymore! [sic]

The one place "satisfaction" is mentioned in the Scripture with regard to God is Isaiah 53:

Isaiah said:
Who hath believed our report?
and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?
...
Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him;
he hath put him to grief:
when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin,
he shall see his seed,
he shall prolong his days,
and the pleasure of the LORD
shall prosper in his hand.
He shall see of the travail [Hebrew: "toil, labor"; Greek: "toil"] of his soul,
and shall be satisfied:
by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many;
for he shall bear their iniquities.
Therefore will I divide him a portion
with the great,
and he shall divide the spoil
with the strong;
because he hath poured out his soul unto death:
and he was numbered
with the transgressors;
and he bare the sins of many,
and made intercession
for the transgressors.

We should be careful not to read in what isn't there. It doesn't say why he shall be satisfied, or what particularly in him shall be satisfied. If it said what you say it says, it would say, "He shall see the travail of his soul, and his wrath shall be satisfied." But it doesn't say that. It just says, "and [he] shall be satisfied".

Could it be that He will be satisfied because by means of His death He will accomplish all the Father's will, namely the undoing of the works of the Devil, the plundering of Hades? By this act, the barren one who did not bear nor travail with child will break forth into singing and cry aloud, and more will be the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife!

God saw of His own labor and was satisfied on the sixth day, then rested the seventh.

Zephaniah said:
Sing, O daughter of Zion;
shout, O Israel;
be glad and rejoice with all the heart,
O daughter of Jerusalem.
The LORD hath taken away thy judgments,
He hath cast out thine enemy:
the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee:
thou shalt not see evil any more.
In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, 'Fear thou not:'
and to Zion, 'Let not thine hands be slack.'
The LORD thy God in the midst of thee is might;
He will save, He will rejoice over thee with joy;
He will rest in His love,
He will joy over thee with singing.

Moses said:
Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power:
thy right hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy.
And in the greatness of thine excellency
Thou hast overthrown them that rose up against thee:
Thou sentest forth thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble.
And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together,
the floods stood upright as an heap, and
the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea.
The enemy said, 'I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil;
my lust shall be satisfied upon them
;
I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.'
Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them:
they sank as lead in the mighty waters.
Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods?
who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?
Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them.
Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed:
thou has guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation.

What a great reversal! Instead of the lust of the enemy being satisfied upon the people of God, rather the people of God are redeemed by His right arm, pouring out His wrath upon the enemy, satisfying Himself out of this labor, and dashing him to pieces, and dividing the spoil Himself!

In what was the LORD pleased? In the pain of His servant? In the pouring out of His wrath unjustly upon Him... His own arm? His own Son?

Such blasphemy!

No, the very coming of the Holy One constitutes the beginning of the pouring out of the wrath of God upon His enemies and the enemies of His people: namely, sin, the devil, and the final enemy -- death itself!

Isaiah said:
Yea, truth faileth;
and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey:
and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment.
And He saw that there was no man,
and wondered that there was no intercessor:
therefore His arm brought salvation unto Him; and His righteousness, it sustained Him.
For He put on righteousness as a breastplate,
and an helmet of salvation upon His head;
and He put on the garments of vengeance for clothing,
and was clad with zeal as a cloke.
According to their deeds, accordingly He will repay,
fury to His adversaries,
recompense to His enemies;
to the islands He will repay recompence.
So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west,
and His glory from the rising of the sun.
When the enemy shall come in like a flood,
the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him.
And the Redeemer shall come to Zion,
and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD.
As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD;
My spirit that is upon thee,
and my words which I have put in thy mouth,
shall not depart out of thy mouth,
nor out of the mouth of thy seed,
nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD,
from henceforth and for ever.
Arise, shine;
for thy light is come,
and the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee.
For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth,
and gross darkness the people:
but the LORD shall arise upon thee,
and His glory shall be seen upon thee.
And the Gentiles shall come to thy light,
and kings to the brightness of thy rising.

The last enemy is death.

St. Paul said:
Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood,
He also Himself likewise took part of the same;
that through death He might destroy
him that had the power of death, that is, the devil;
And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage.

He was not satisfied by seeing the pain and suffering of His Son twisting in agony on the Cross. He was satisfied by seeing that by this labor and travail, ending in death, sin would be destroyed and death, the enemy of His people, would itself be slain by His life!

No atonement theory that has the Father taking some kind of sick pleasure in the pain and suffering and death of His own Son as punishment or payment for sins in itself (because He needs to see pain because He's been offended) -- for He has no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that he turn from his wickedness and live! -- is worthy of consideration by any lover of God and His Word.

Christ is risen from the dead,
trampling down death by death,
and upon those in the tombs
bestowing life!
 

Steve Allen

Member
Finally, I want to thank you all for this topic. In replying to it I've once again been reminded -- by having to go back and search the Scriptures yet again (great swaths of them) -- how unified and glorious God's work really is.
 
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