Propitiation
John Owen wrote the famous book :The Death of Death in the Death of Christ in which he convincingly argued against the claims of Arminianism.
I will quote just a few snips of his treatment on propitiation.
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"The word will bear both, the meaning being, to appease, or pacify, or satisfy God for sin, that it might not be imputed to them towards whom he was so appeased." (p.222)
"From that which hath been said, the sense of the place is evident to be, that Christ hath so expiated sin, and reconciled to God, that the sinner is pardoned and received to mercy for his sake, and that the law shall never be produced or brought forth for his condemnation. Now, whether this can be tolerably applied to the whole world (taking it for all and every man in the world), let all the men in the world that are able judge. Are the sins of every one expiated? Is God reconciled to every one? Is every sinner pardoned? Shall no one have the transgression of the law charged on him? Why, then, is not every one saved? Doubtless, all these are true of every believer, and of no one else in the whole world. For them the apostle affirmed that Christ is a propitiation; that he might show from whence ariseth, and wherein chiefly, if not only, that advocation for them, which he promiseth as the fountain of their consolation, did consist, -- even in a presentation of the atonement made by his blood. He is also a propitation only by faith, Rom. 3:25; and surely none have faith but believers: and : therefore, certainly it is they only throughout the world for whom alone Christ is a propitiation. Unto them alone God says, ' will be propitious,' -- the great word of the new covenant, Heb. 8:12, they alone being covenanters." (pages 222,223)