Heavenly Pilgrim said:
Few doctrines presented are as important as the doctrine of the atonement, yet Scripture alone does not directly establish any particular view of it.
Stick to the Bible. Leave Calvin out.
Romans 5:10-11 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom
we have now received the atonement.
This is the only time in the NT where the word "atonement" is actually used. The Geneva Bible translates it "reconciled" which it means. Atonement is the means to reconciliation, not the result. It means "satisfaction," "propitiation."
1 John 2:2 And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.
--Christ atoned for our sins.
He atoned for the sins of the whole world. This is a clear statement of the extent of his atoning grace. The word propitiation here literally means "satisfaction." In the atonement God was literally and legally satisfied with the payment of the blood of Christ for the wages of our sin.
"The wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. We deserve eternal separation from God. It is our wage, what we deserve. Christ paid the penalty which we deserve. He paid it with his blood. He satisfied the legal requirements that God the Father had set forth. It was the only way that mankind could be "reconciled" to God. Thus the atonement was accomplished. God accepted the payment for our sins. We were reconciled.
However not all were reconciled. Those who refused to be reconciled on the basis of that payment will forever remain unreconciled, and will suffer eternal separation from God--eternal death--the wages of sin; that wage that Christ atoned for.
It was substitutionary. He died in my place. He died in the place of all men of all ages. It was both personal and collective. If I were the only person on the face this earth Jesus Christ loved me enough that he would have come and died just for me. It was an intensely personal love. It was collective. He made a propitiation for the sins of the whole world, and not just for ours.
His life was substituted for mine. It was substitutionary.
It was literal. It was his blood that was shed. It was a literal payment that was made. Without the shedding of blood there is no remission of sins. There had to be a literal payment to satisfy the demands of God.
When God sees the blood of Christ as a covering over the believer, just as he saw the blood of Christ marking the houses of Israelites during the time of the Exodus, he passes over them. Eternal life, instead of condemnation has been granted to them.
There is now therefore no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus--none.
Their sins: past, present, and future, have all been atoned for. The price has been paid in full. The blood of Christ was sufficient in God's eyes. He doesn't need any other payment: not baptism, confirmation, not any other work. All of our sins have been atoned for.