In that parable please show where God elected/chose them TO come and others He did not.
I understand the questioning here as I chose only a small part to make a point, and that from memory. As requested, I went back to the parable to gather its context and found it necessary to put the context with the event. As such, I believe the context of the one verse begins in Chapter 19.
We can gather the context by picking up from the rich young ruler's encounter with the Lord, after which the Lord said to His disciples:
"Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven. And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God. When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, Who then can be saved? But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible." Matt 19:23-26
This too can serve our understanding in the salvation of God, being impossible with men, but possible with God only. Yet for our discussion it sets the context and parable we are discussing found in Chapter 20, for the chapter separation doesn't make the event end. The parable is given by our Lord after Peter says,
"Then answered Peter and said unto him, Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore?"
Seeing the declaration of the impossibility of men to save themselves, and answer to Peters GENERAL question on who could be saved, Peter has concern for his own soul and that of the followers of Jesus, and concern for what will be theirs, for unlike the rich young rule, the disciples had left everything.
To this Jesus adds many comforting words to them. And the Lord says in a sentence, what I believe is more fully expounded in the parable in chapter 20, namely:
30But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first.
The Lord says the same thing in the following parable, but adds, "For many are called, but few are chosen."
Given the context of Chapter 19, we could supoose:
1. This has reference to the rich young rule, and any like him. The rich being last and the others, poor but rich in Christ, being first who are considered last in this world.
2. That sinners will enter the kingdom of God, but Israel will not, as the Lord in another place spoke of.
3. Or of Jews and Gentiles. The Jews being first in the things pertaining to God, as to the commandments, covenants, promises, et. And the Gentiles being last, only being called and grafted in at the end of the age, but finding themselves first and the Jews last, being cut off but the gentiles grafted in.
I believe the latter is the true sense of things.
The parable gives us a householder, which I interpret of Christ, and the householders hiring of labors, which I interpret of the ministry of the Gospel. This hiring was done in the market place, as seen in verse 3 when others are hired, which I take to mean the world.
At the various hours in which laborors are hired, I take to mean the progression of the Gospel of Christ throught history, even until this day. But it also may be seen by the fact that God's redemptive purposes and plan, and having a people for Himself have been since the creation of the world. So, those hired at the very last hour, have reference to the Gentiles and others regard the prophets and Jewish nation.
The penny given to all equally, whether they worked early or later, I take to mean the blessings of salvation. Eph 1. Which are given to Jew and Gentile alike in equal measure. The last being the Gentiles having bore no burden, but hired later, that is called, recieving the same, and our Lord showing that the gift is according to what seems good to HIm, a gift by His grace.
And so we come to verse 16, "So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many be called, but few chosen."
This statement clearly ties the parable to Matt 19:30 which places the context, and hence the meaning, in "Who then can be saved?"
And more light is given to the first part spoken in Matt 19:30 "for many be called, but few chosen."
Given that our subject often deals with the C/A topic, and the Calvinists are apt to speak of an effectual calling, being "irresistable" the calling spoken of here cannot mean such an inward call, because it is here contrasted with being chosen, or elect, wherein other places the elected are designated the called of God.
Here this must be the invited, which is universal, in that the Gospel is to be preached to all nations and every creature. There are many who will hear the Gospel, sit in churches, observe the ordinances and pleas for repentence and faith in Jesus Christ, but whom God has never "chosen to salvation..." 2 Thess 2:13
Given the statement of our Lord, that few are chosen, corresponding to the parable of laborers hired, these are the ones the householder went to and hired, the others being left in the marketplace.