Many centuries before Christ's sacrifice at Calvary?
Absolutely. Christ wasn't implementing something new here (see Psalms 87), He was revealing mysteries hidden from the foundation of the world.
7 `Thou mayest not wonder that I said to thee,
It behoveth you to be born from above;
8 the Spirit where he willeth doth blow, and his voice thou dost hear, but thou hast not known whence he cometh, and whither he goeth;
thus is every one who hath been born of the Spirit.`
'Born again' gives free willers wiggle room to lay claim to 'choosing' to be born again. The fact is that one has no more say so in their spiritual birth as they do their physical birth.
Per Edersheim, anothen always has the meaning 'above' when used by John:
3 Jesus answered and said to him, 'Verily, verily, I say to thee, If any one may not be born
from above, he is not able to see the reign of God;' (YLT)
7 'Thou mayest not wonder that I said to thee, It behoveth you to be born
from above; (YLT)
31 He that cometh
from above is
above all: he that is of the earth is earthly , and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is
above all. Jn 3
11 Jesus answered , Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee
from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.
23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven
from the top throughout . Jn 19
Anothen always has the meaning 'above' when used by James:
17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is
from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning. Ja 1
15 This wisdom descendeth not
from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.
17 But the wisdom that is
from above is first pure , then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. Ja 3
There is conveyed a strong 'celestial motif' within the dialogue, yea, the entire chapter, between Christ and Nicodemus that the rendering 'born anew' or 'born again', in lieu of 'born from above', misses:
2 this one came unto him by night, and said to him, `Rabbi, we have known that
from God thou hast come -- a teacher, for no one these signs is able to do that thou dost, if God may not be with him.`
3 Jesus answered and said to him, `Verily, verily, I say to thee, If any one may not be
born from above, he is not able to see the reign of God;`
7 `Thou mayest not wonder that I said to thee, It behoveth you to be
born from above;
8 the Spirit where he willeth doth blow, and his voice thou dost hear, but thou hast not known whence he cometh, and whither he goeth; thus is every one who hath been
born of the Spirit.`
21 but he who is doing the truth doth come to the light, that
his works may be manifested, that
in God they are having been wrought.`
27 John answered and said, `A man is not able to receive anything, if it may not have been given him
from the heaven
31 he who
from above is coming is above all; he who is from the earth, from the earth he is, and from the earth he speaketh; he who
from the heaven is coming is above all. Jn 3 YLT
'Born from above' melds nicely with John's other writings:
who -- not of blood nor of a will of flesh, nor of a will of man but --
of God were begotten. Jn 1:13 YLT
if ye know that he is righteous, know ye that every one doing the righteousness,
of him hath been begotten. 1 Jn 2:29 YLT
9 every one who hath been
begotten of God, sin he doth not, because his seed in him doth remain, and he is not able to sin, because
of God he hath been begotten. 1 Jn 3:9 YLT
7 Beloved, may we love one another, because the love is of God, and every one who is loving,
of God he hath been begotten, and doth know God 1 Jn 4:7 YLT
1 Every one who is believing that Jesus is the Christ,
of God he hath been begotten, and every one who is loving Him who did beget, doth love also him who is
begotten of Him
4 because every one who is
begotten of God doth overcome the world, and this is the victory that did overcome the world -- our faith
18 We have known that every one who hath been
begotten of God doth not sin, but he who was
begotten of God doth keep himself, and the evil one doth not touch him 1 Jn 5 YLT
'Born from above':
26 But the
Jerusalem that is above is free, which is
our mother. Gal 4 (Psalms 87)