krivsi", ew", hJ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; inscr., pap., LXX, En.; Ep. Arist. 252; Philo, Joseph., Test. 12 Patr.).
1. judging, judgment—a. of the activity of God or the Messiah as judge, esp. on the Last Day.
a. hJ dikaiva kr. tou` qeou` God’s righteous judgment 2 Th 1:5. hJ krivsi" hJ ejmh; dikaiva ejstivn J 5:30. krivsin poiei`n execute judgment, act as judge (Aristoph., Ran. 778; 785; X., Hell. 4, 2, 6; 8; Dt 10:18.—Likew. kr. poiei`sqai: 1 Macc 6:22; Jos., Ant. 6, 34) vs. 27. t. krivsin didovnai tiniv commit judgment or judging to someone vs. 22. hJ hJmevra (th`") krivsew" the Day of Judgment (Jdth 16:17; Is 34:8; Pr 6:34) Mt 10:15; 11:22, 24; 12:36; 2 Pt 2:9; 3:7; 1J 4:17; 2 Cl 16:3; 17:6; B 19:10; 21:6.—hJ kr. hJ mevllousa the judgment to come 2 Cl 18:2; MPol 11:2. hJ kr. hJ ejpercomevnh the approaching judgment Hv 3, 9, 5. Denial of the Last Judgment Pol 7:1. kr. megavlh" hJmevra" the judgment of the Great Day Jd 6. hJ w{ra th`" kr. aujtou` the hour when he is to judge Rv 14:7. oujk ajnasthvsontai oiJ ajsebei`" ejn kr. the wicked will not rise in the judgment (or on the J. Day) B 11:7 (Ps 1:5); cf. Mt 12:41f; Lk 10:14; 11:31f. dikaiosuvnh krivsew" ajrch; kai; tevlo" righteousness (on the part of the judge) is the beginning and end of judging B 1:6. Divine judgment (cf. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 8, 40 tw`n ajqanavtwn k.; Hierocles 11 p. 441 and 442 al. qeiva krivsi") is also mentioned 1 Ti 5:24; Hb 9:27 (cf. Diog. L. 3, 79 after Plato: one must fulfill the dikaiosuvnh qeou`, i{na mh; kai; meta; to;n qavnaton divka" uJpovscoien oiJ kakou`rgoi); 2 Pt 2:4, 9; 2 Cl 20:4; D 11:11.
b. The word often means judgment that goes against a person, condemnation, and the punishment that follows (Sib. Or. 3, 670) GP 7:25. dissh;n e{xousin th;n kr. they will receive double punishment2 Cl 10:5. hJ kr. sou your judgment Rv. 18:10. kajkeivnoi" kr. ejstivn judgment comes upon them, too ISm 6:1. foberav ti" ejkdoch; krivsew" a fearful prospect of judgment Hb 10:27 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 179 a reference to the kr. tw`n yucw`n serves to arouse fovbo" t. ajdikiva"). hJ kr. aujtou` h[rqh his punishment was taken away Ac 8:33; 1 Cl 16:7 (both Is 53:8). uJpo; krivsin pivptein come under judgment Js 5:12; cf. 2:13a, b. hJ kr. th`" geevnnh" being punished in hell Mt 23:33 (gen. as Diod. S. 1, 82, 3 qanavtou kr.=punishment by death). kr. katav tino" upon, against someone (Aelian, V.H. 2, 6) poih`sai krivsin kata; pavntwn execute judgment upon all Jd 15 (En. 1, 9).—(Opp. zwhv) e[cei zwh;n aijwvnion kai; eij" kr. oujk e[rcetai J 5:24 (cf. Philip [=Demosth. 12, 16] eij" kr. ejlqei`n). ajnavstasi" zwh`"—ajnavstasi" krivsew" vs. 29. krivsi" tou` kovsmou touvtou judgment of (or upon) this world 12:31; cf. 16:8, interpreted as a judgment on the prince of this world 16:11 (cf. 12:31b; IQM 1, 5; but s. also LJLutkemeyer, CBQ 8, ’46, 225f ‘good judgment’, and BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 79; also s. on dikaiosuvnh 2, end).—In 3:19 kr. has in addition to the senses ‘judgment’ and ‘condemnation’ the clear connotation of ‘separation, division’ (Hecataeus [320 bc] in Diod. S. 40, 3, 2 Dind. krivsi" tw`n kakw`n=‘separation fr. the evils’.—A double sense as in J is found in Artem. 5, 5 krithv"=‘judge’ and ‘divider’). The ‘judgment’, which is operative here and now, consists in the fact that men divide themselves into those who accept Christ and those who reject him (Hdb.; Bultmann).—Pl. judgments, punishments (Diod. S. 1, 75, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. l, 96 §446 krivsei" pikraiv=severe punishments) ajlhqinai; kai; divkaiai aiJ krivsei" sou Rv 16:7; 19:2.—Bousset, Rel.3 257ff; LRuhl, De Mortuorum Judicio ’03; JBlank, Krisis (J), diss. Freiburg, ’64.
b. of the judgment of one person upon or against another—a. of men toward men kr. dikaiva B 20:2; D 5:2. kr. a[diko" unjust judgment Pol 6:1; ajpovtomo" ejn kr. relentless in judgment ibid. th;n dikaivan krivsin krivnate J 7:24 (krivnw 6a). Cf. hJ kr. hJ ejmh; ajlhqinhv ejstin 8:16.
b. of the archangel against the devil oujk ejtovlmhsen krivsin ejpenegkei`n blasfhmiva" he did not presume to pronounce a reviling judgment Jd 9. Cf. the corresp. pass. in 2 Pt 2:11 a[ggeloi ouj fevrousin katÆ aujtw`n para; kurivw/ blavsfhmon krivsin angels do not pronounce a reviling judgment against them before the Lord.
2. board of judges, court, specif. a local court (cf. Schürer II4 226f; Diod. S. 17, 80, 2; Aesop, Fab. 190 H.; Theod. Prodr. 1, 402 H.) e[noco" e[stai th`/ kr. he will have to answer to a (local) court Mt 5:21f.—RGuelich, ZNW 64, ’73, 44ff.
Bauer, Walter, Gingrich, F. Wilbur, and Danker, Frederick W., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 1979.
3. right in the sense of justice, righteousness (Inscr. Gr. 542, 6 [II bc] pivstin e[conta kai; krivsin uJgih`; Dit., Or. 383, 207 [I bc]; LXX; cf. fP;]Omi
) ajfhvkate th;n krivsin k. to; e[leo" k. th;n pivstin Mt 23:23; cf. Lk 11:42. krivsin t. e[qnesin ajpaggelei` he will proclaim justice for the Gentiles Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1). ejkzhtei`n kr. seek out justice 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17). e{w" a}n ejkbavlh/ eij" ni`ko" t. krivsin until he leads justice to victory vs. 20 (cf. Is 42:3.—Other poss. meanings are legal action, trial, case [X., An. 1, 6, 5; Diod. S. 2, 42, 4 aiJ krivsei"=legal suits, transactions; En. 9, 3 eijsagavgete th;n krivsin hJmw`n pro;" to;n u{yiston] and, influenced by ni`ko", a [military] decision [Dionys. Hal. 9, 35; 2 Macc 14:18]). The meaning right, justice may also play a role in such passages as J 7:24; 12:31; 16:8, 11; Ac 8:33 [so RSV] and perh. others.—GPWetter on krivma 4, end; HBraun, Gerichtsgedanke u. Rechtfertigungslehre b. Pls ’30; FVFilson, St. Paul’s Conception of Recompense ’31. M-M.*
Bauer, Walter, Gingrich, F. Wilbur, and Danker, Frederick W., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) 1979.