Originally posted by rlvaughn:
Artimaeus, my argument is not that using "psalmos" to mean "a song" (no more, no less) is a possible exception, but rather that "song" is often what is commonly meant when the word "psalmos" is used in the Greek language. I am not arguing that it cannot mean what you suggest. I am saying that it is not inherent in the use of the word. Some evidences I would suggest are (1) its use in context in New Testament passages that would seem to require that "on a musical instrument" not be necessary to the meaning [and even nonsensical if forced on I Cor. 14:26 (psalmos) and James 5:13 (psallo)] ; and (2) its use to translate certain Old Testament Hebrew words that would not have "on a musical instrument" inherent in the meaning. IMO, your position is straining to place the root meaning into every use of the word. The meaning of a word is determined both by its semantic range and its use in context. When we say "good-bye" in English, we might have in mind a meaning derived from its origin - God be with you - but most likely we just mean a simple farewell and no more. The Greek language is no different in that respect..
From Easton's Bible Dictionary: (Strong's Hebrew Dictionary agrees with the meaning)
Fifty-eight psalms bear the designation (Heb.) mitsmor (Gr. psalmos, a psalm), a lyric ode, or a song set to music; a sacred song accompanied with a musical instrument.
Easton, M. G., M. A. D. D., Easton’s Bible Dictionary, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1996.
Whether it is one psalm or all 150 it is still a song or songs that God wrote and by defaut, it is a good thing.
Higgaion. In Psa. 92:3, according to Gesenius, it signifies the murmuring tone of a harp, and so that the music should be rendered in a plaintive manner. In Psa. 9:16, combined with "Selah,’’ it may have been intended to indicate a pause in the vocal music while the instruments rendered an interlude. In Psa. 19:14, Mendelssohn translates it "meditation, thought.’’ So that the music was to be rendered in a mode to promote devout meditation.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Mahalath, Maschil, Leannoth. These terms are found in the titles of Psalm 53 and 88. Authorities grope in darkness as to their signification. They may indicate the instruments to be played or the melody to be sung.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Neginah and
Neginoth appear in the titles of Psalms 4; 54; 55; 61; 67 and Hab. 3:19. Its use seems to have been to indicate that the song should be accompanied by stringed instruments.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Nehiloth, in the title of Psalm 5. It seems to indicate, according to Gesenius, that when this Psalm was sung it was to be accompanied by wind instruments.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Selah. This term appears frequently in the Psalms. Its use is not known. Possibly it signified a pause in the vocal music while an instrumental interlude or finale was rendered.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Shigionoth, in the title of Hab. 3, are supposed to have been musical terms to guide in rendering the song. At the close of the chapter the author refers the ode "to the chief musician, on my stringed instruments.’’ The term may suggest the movement in interpreting the music set to it.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
Shushan-eduth, in the titles to Psalms 45; 60; 69; 80 seem to indicate the manner in which these Psalms were to be rendered. Kimchi, Tremellius, and Eichhorn render it, "hexachorda,’’ that is, that in singing these Psalms instruments of six strings were to accompany.
Swanson, James, Editor, New Nave’s Topical Bible, (Oak Harbor, Washington: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1994.
The Hebrew title of this book (Psalms) is Tehilim (“praises” or “hymns”), for a leading feature in its contents is praise, though the word occurs in the title of only one Psalm (the hundred forty-fifth). The Greek title (in the Septuagint, a translation made two hundred years before Christ) is psalmoi, whence our word “Psalms.” This corresponds to the Hebrew word mizmoi by which sixty-five Psalms are designated in their inscriptions, and which the Syriac, a language like the Hebrew, uses for the whole book. It means, as does also the Greek name, an ode, or song, whose singing is accompanied by an instrument, particularly the harp (compare 1Ch 16:4–8; 2Ch 5:12, 13).
Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, A.R.; and Brown, David, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1998.
Psalms, that is, “lyrical odes,” or songs accompanied by an instrument.
Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, A.R.; and Brown, David, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1998.
I am stating that this IS its' usual meaning but, CAN be sung without an instrument just as I can sing (poorly) any song without musical instruments. All it takes is for ONE Psalm (even though there are many) to be acknowledged as legitimate worship material and the non use of musical instruments as being somehow, someway more spiritual is completely without merit.
I Cor. 14:26 (psalmos) and James 5:13 (psallo) These verses make perfect sense and are not even remotely nonsensical when using the correct definition. I can hum or whistle a tune even tought there are words for that song AND instrumental directions written right on the page. I can sing the words all by myself with no accompaniment. I can sing with a full orchestra. None of this changes the fact that the song was written to be accompanied with 1 or more instruments. Let everything that hath breath praise the LORD.