Oy! This is such nonsense. The word is translated elements because of the context. Words can mean many things (they have a semantic range), but that does not give you license to apply any possible meaning a word may have in any context. This passage is not speaking of rudiments of an intellectual or religious system. It could and does mean that in other contexts. When it does, it's obvious.
Good idea. Let us take a look at your "semantic range" of STOICHEIA. The word appears in the following passages, noun and related verb form.
As a noun:
Gal. 4:3, 9
Col. 2:8, 20-22
Heb. 5:12
2 Peter 3:10-13
As a verb:
Acts 21:24
Phil. 3:16
Gal. 5:25
Gal. 6:16
Rom. 4:12
In every single usage the idea of "rule" or "rudiment" is not far away. In none of the non-Petrine passages is the idea of a periodic table even possible. Now when seven out of eight passages are in semantic range A - and a narrow, non-physical one it is - then the possibility should be considered that the eighth one should also be considered likewise along the same lines.
I am not the one writing nonsense. You look at the word "element" and think physical element because that is what you have been taught. I also was taught that - and taught and preached it for decades. But there came a time when I considered the possibility I was wrong. And I did my own studying.