While I appreciate you bringing Thomas Aquinas and historical Thomistic framework into the discussion, your attempt to turn "ordained" into a gradual, resistible process of preparation completely fails when tested against the text of Acts 13:48 and the explicit history of Paul’s conversion.
1. The Grammar of Acts 13:48 Allows No Trial Period
You are trying to insert a chronological gap between God's appointment and a person's belief, arguing that "hearing can come before full regeneration." But look at the text. Luke does not say "as many as were under a process of preparation, and didn't resist, eventually believed." The pluperfect passive construction (ἦσαν τεταγμένοι) anchors their ordination firmly in eternity past as a completed reality. The moment they historically heard the Gospel, they believed. Their faith was the immediate, explosive fruit of the Vital Phase (Regeneration). The text allows no room for a sacramental or preparatory buffer zone.
Hi Brightflame,
My Comment: 1 Sam 7:3 says “prepare your hearts unto the Lord.” Of course, this is done with prevenient grace. You said in your subtitle: “The Grammar of Acts 13:48 Allows No Trial Period”. This is proof-texting. You can’t define a doctrine by one verse. In other words, you spoke about context. I think you need to widen your context even more. You nailed it when you said “chronological GAP”. I have notes where I use that exact term in them. “Believing” is the term we use for saving Faith. You are saying that too and that’s the term used in Acts 13:48. The difference between us is in the way you use the term “ordained”. Ordained means it’s going to happen. Agreed. It also means there is an order. Not only is our “full regeneration” ordained by God, but also our Calling is ordained by God. Our initial Calling precedes Justification (full regeneration occurs under what we call Justification) as in Rom 8:30.
God’s Grace works in each step of the golden chain. I think what confuses things is having two different kinds of calls. No such thing. Where in scripture does it say there are two different kinds of calls? God calls during regeneration but there is not one with intrinsic grace and one without intrinsic grace. The same call is in all three places (before full regeneration, at the point of full regeneration and after full regeneration) and grace is present in all three places (Calling or Preparation, at the point of full regeneration and after full regeneration). God is always calling us.
Let me answer this directly because this might really help. You said: “But look at the text. Luke does not say "as many as were under a process of preparation, and didn't resist, eventually believed."
Here’s the key that is the difference between us and the Arminians: There is a GAP between preparation and full regeneration. This means that PREPARATION DOES NOT CAUSE FULL REGENERATION! Baptism does. This is where God elects us to Full regeneration. There is no decision that causes full regeneration or bridges preparation and full regeneration.
This might help understanding the term “ordained”:
Calling period (preparation):
Grace (Prevenient) is instantaneous and determined (God ordained this grace)
Our Will is made free by this grace yet hearing may be resisted (God ordained permission - permits resistance)
Full Regeneration (Baptism):
Grace is instantaneous and determined (God ordained this grace - irrestible or efficacious grace - we say there is sanctifying grace too)
Our Will is made free (preparation is perfected by operative grace - God ordained), then our Will consents and cooperates (God’s Grace and man both work together by cooperative grace) to turn (assent) to God and turn away (conversion/penance) from sin. The assenting or act of Faith is believing.
Let me ask you this:
Is Faith an effect of Regeneration?
Or
Is Faith an effect of Hearing Scripture?
Answering these questions would be helpful too:
Does the Lord continue to Call you after the point of Full Regeneration?
If so
Is the Call during the Sanctification Period the same call as the effectual call?
Is grace present in the Call during the Sanctification Period?
2. Acts 9 Proves Paul Was Regenerated BEFORE His Baptism
Your claim that Paul was not regenerated until his water baptism in Acts 9:18 is flatly contradicted by the narrative. Paul exhibited undeniable evidence of a regenerated heart days
before Ananias ever touched him with water:
- Acts 9:6: The moment Christ strikes him down, Paul cries, "Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?" 1 Corinthians 12:3 explicitly states that no man can say that Jesus is Lord but by the Holy Ghost.
- Acts 9:11: God tells Ananias to seek out Saul because "behold, he prayeth." Spiritually dead, unregenerate pharisees do not offer true spiritual prayers to Jesus Christ.
- Acts 9:17: Before a single drop of baptismal water touches Paul, Ananias lays hands on him and calls him "Brother Saul." Ananias recognized him as an already-quickened brother in Christ.
Paul’s baptism was not the cause of his regeneration; it was his initial act of
Practical Phase obedience, outwardly manifesting the inward, irreversible change Christ unilaterally wrought on the Damascus road.
My Comment: I’m not denying any evidence. Where justification takes place is where full regeneration takes place. That place is at baptism where sins are washed away (justification = remission of sins Rom 3:23-25). Also, I thought, whether you are Arminian or Calvinist, you had to hear the gospel in order to be justified? Theologians have speculated that this may be what happened during the three days Paul was blind (Acts 9:9; Gal 1:12 - see post #21) but it doesn’t say. Paul heard the Lord’s voice but that doesn’t mean it caused full regeneration. Many have heard His voice and resisted [Matt 19:16-22, John 6:67 (John 6:66 - KJV), etc]
You said: “Paul exhibited undeniable evidence of a regenerated heart days before Ananias ever touched him with water:”
Do you have to see an outward change in someone in order for them to be considered regenerated? Sounds like works. Who decides? In my experience, when a person becomes a christian, one second before he becomes one, he looks and acts the same as he does one second after he becomes one. Regeneration is instantaneous. Regeneration is intrinsic, not extrinsic. Looking for evidence of Paul’s full regeneration sounds like a trial AFTER full regeneration. It’s out of place. Paul’s heart was not regenerated before baptism. Nowhere does Acts 9:6 say Paul was regenerated. It’s interesting that in the next verse (Acts 9:7) is the same Greek word for “arise” as in Acts 9:18 and Acts 22:16 (ἀνίστημι anistēmi G450). It points to baptism. 1 Cor 12:3 does say “no man can say The Lord Jesus, but by the Holy Ghost”, but this occurs during the calling period too (by Prevenient Grace), not just at the point of full regeneration (irresistible grace). The Lord draws us by Prevenient Grace. Clearly Paul’s sins were washed away at baptism (Acts 9:18, Acts 2:38 - clearly seen in Acts 22:16)
Continued