Okay, so you are referring to the preamble to the Declaration of Independence, not a legal provision of the Constitution that forms the United States government. So it is not correct at all to say that the Framers of the Constitution made provisions for insurrection.
Now, to your point:
Let's look at the opening text of the Declaration:
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
There's a lot going on here, but Jefferson and the signers of the Declaration are saying that if they are going to take such an extreme action to separate from England, they must have some good reasons to do it. And if we read the Declaration all the way to the end, we will see what those reasons are.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
They make a foundational assertion, formed by both a Christian worldview and Enlightenment philosophy, that all [free] persons are created equal and have inherent rights bestowed on them by God. No human authority or government has the right to impose upon these fundamental freedoms of life, liberty, and the right to pursue human flourishing. The "pursuit of Happiness" has been gravely distorted by many, but at its heart is the enlightenment belief that human beings have the right to set their individual course in life -- to pursue the satisfaction of their soul -- as long as it does not interfere with the rights of others. There is some Christian truth mixed up in that, but it is an optimistic idea that does not fully take into account the effects of sin in this fallen world.
— That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,
They assert that ordinary people, the ones the Creator has made, must provide consent to human governments for them to be legitimate. It is a refutation of monarchies, dictatorships, and any totalitarian government.
— That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
They assert that if government undermines or destroys the fundamental liberties of life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, or the consent of the government, the people have the right to alter or abolish it, or even create a new government that will be more amenable to the fundamental liberties previously stated.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
They note that altering, abolishing and creating a new government is NOT something to be done lightly, for it will produce enormous suffering and allow evil until the new government can fully assert its beneficial influence and power over society. Changing the government is a last resort after trying everything else.
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Jefferson and the signers then turn their attention to what they describe as the Despotism of the King of English and his government, and assert that they have the right "to throw off such Government" and provide a new form of government that will preserve the inherent rights of humanity.
At that point, they get specific about a historical circumstance which is well beyond out discussion here.
So the Founding Fathers did give us an example (not provision) to follow. If the government forces people to lose their life, their liberty, their right of self-determination, or their voice in the affairs of government, insurrection can be considered as a last resort.
Do you think your grievances with abortion rights and same-sex marriage measure up to the standards of the Founding Fathers? More importantly, do they measure up to
the standards of Romans 13?