………. But these women started when it was already dark and then the terms "morning" "rising of the sun" "dawn" "early" are used to describe their arrival time at the seplechure. This only makes sense if they began in the dark sometime between 3am to 6am at the fourth watch (proii) and arrived when the sunlight was just beginning to dawn or in the twilight of morning
GE:
None of this “makes sense” for no “if” whatever— it is not stated “they began” anywhere anyhow (except in Matthew 28:1). It is not stated “they began in the dark sometime” anywhere anyhow Matthew included.
Then there is no reason why “proii” MUST ALWAYS mean “between 3am to 6am at the fourth watch”, especially not if context, event, setting and chronology and or combinations of Adverbial phrases demand it otherwise.
You have said it yourself, “When it gets dark on Saturday night it STAYS DARK till Sunday morning.” So where did the women ‘start’ to move and when did they stop to move to the tomb? Using variables like “the dark sometime”, “between 3am to 6am”, “at the fourth watch”, “when the sunlight was just beginning”, “to dawn”, “in the twilight”, “morning”, as synonyms or equivalents of the same or of two moments in time, offers nothing better than an array of unrealism for the answer of a self-created enigma.
We ‘need Greek’, is the only solution.
First REALISED visit AT, the tomb: Luke 24:1.
Why Luke? Because it is “just common sense” ‘needed’ “to tell” if the women “came unto the sepulcher bringing the spices which they had prepared” (on Friday afternoon and Saturday evening), they would not already have known that the body no longer was there. So they got to the grave for the first time according to Luke 24:1.
Mark 16:1 implies this visit mentioned in Luke where it tells the women “Bought sweet spices so that WHEN-they-come (‘elthousai’), they might anoint him”. The question therefore arises why the women did not buy their spices and straightaway went to the grave to anoint the body?
Two ‘logical’ reasons why not:
Luke says they came, “carrying prepared and ready spices” (‘ha hehtoimasan arohmata’). So when they bought it, the spices were not prepared and ready; the women still had to do something with it before they could use it. That accounts for the time that passed between after sunset on Saturday evening and Saturday night when they actually got to the tomb to apply the spices.
Matthew contributes another explanation for why the women “after the Sabbath” (Mk16:1a) did not just go to the tomb to salve the body. In 27:62-66 he tells of the guard which Pilate ordered to watch the tomb “for the third day” because Jesus “predicted that He would rise up again on the third day”. But days for the Roman guard --- and their watch --- changed midnight. Nobody --- especially not ‘his disciples’ --- would be allowed near the grave before day expired midnight. And the women knew it. It only needs common sense to know the women knew it. And that’s why they did not immediately after they had bought spices, went to the tomb straightaway.
Therefore, according to Mark an Matthew, circumstances forced the time of the women’s first visit at the tomb according to Luke.
What about Luke itself? Why does Luke not mention these involved factors of circumstance? O, he mentions not the same things word for word, would he? Isn’t this Luke’s personal Gospel? He is not going to just repeat what the other Gospels told; or the other Gospels are not going to just repeat what Luke had told?
Nevertheless, Luke does suggest a valid indication of why not the women had bought spices “as soon as the Sabbath was over” (Mk16:1a), but only got to the tomb after midnight. Told Luke: The women “rested the Sabbath Day according to the Commandment” --- “evening until evening” naturally. And then many things in between after evening until midnight might have happened, like the things mentioned by Mark and Matthew, but also other things we do not know of.
So then, after all, Luke agrees with Mark and Matthew that the women would have gone to the tomb not before midnight Saturday night, and uses the very words USED in the Old Testament already (LXX) for the “deep morning” just after midnight, ‘orthrou batheohs’.
LUKE GIVES DEFINITELY THE EARLIEST of time-indications in the four Gospels. The times given by the other three Gospels impossibly can be equaled or identified with Luke’s. The nearest in chronology to Luke’s is at least three hours later, namely, the time indication given in Mark 16:2, “very early sun’s rising” or “dawn before sunrise”. There is just this one way to interpret Mark’s words of ‘lian proh-i anateilantos tou hehliou’. No two ways; certainly “BEFORE sunrise”.
“Before sunrise”, because the same Mark also tells WHEN Jesus “appeared to Mary Magdalene first”, which must have been AFTER the visit by the several (unnamed) women recorded in Mk16:2 because there, no appearance occurred. Just the needed common sense tells you that …. and the inevitability of chronology, event and circumstance combined.