When I read Romans 1 I see the Apostle describing God's wrath against all ungodliness from the beginning of creation. And it appears that from this original rejection (thinking of the fall of Adam, and thus mankind in Adam) men have continued to fall away from the true knowledge of God being One and all powerful Maker of Heaven and Earth, and into idolatry, which the history of the world shows us plainly, and fell into greater depravity because God gave them up to uncleaness (He did not restrain their wicked inclinations) even unto to vile affections and a reprobate mind, again, God giving them over to it, that is, not restraining it.
So in that sense I see it as a history of the world.