Originally posted by Gunther:
Head does not mean "source" anywhere in the N.T. or in common greek.
The Greek word
kephale is rightly translated as "head," but conveys a metaphoric understanding of integral connection to the body. This passage is commonly misinterpreted to mean "chief," "leader," or "authority over" something, in this case, the wife. This misinterpretation then gets carried over into another of the "prohibition" passages, 1 Tim. 2:11-12, in which "authority over" is traditionally given the status of key phrase when proof-texting the practice of keeping women silent and/or out of certain positions of church leadership to which God calls them.
I think both these passages are so misunderstood and misinterpreted not so much because they are not adequately exegeted (though that is often the case), but because of the warped understanding the church historically has had of what godly authority entails. Specifically holding or exercising authority over other human beings is never commended in the New Testament writings, though Christians are in several places reminded to yield to the authority of human institutions such as government and slavery. What is commended, however, is the acceptance of God's authority to exercise one's God-given gifts within the body, with confidence and the Holy Spirit's empowerment. In other words, I don't see a person being an authority or wielding authority over others, ever being addressed scripturally except to condemn such practices.
In English, the word "head" means literally the physical head of one's body and figuratively the leader of a body of people. The two meanings are intertwined. Not so in Greek, where two different and distinct words are translated "head." One of these is
arche, which means "head" in terms of leadership and point of origin. But Paul doesn't use this word here. Instead, Paul used the word
kephale, which means "head," as part of one's body. It was also used to mean "foremost" in terms of position (as a capstone over a door, or a cornerstone in a foundation). It was never used to mean "leader" or "boss" or "chief" or "ruler."
Kephale is also a military term. It means "one who leads," but not in the sense of "director," "general," or "captain," or someone who orders the troops from a safe distance; quite the opposite. A
kephale was one who went before the troops, the leader only in the sense of being the first one into battle.
A good way to compare this in a contemporary setting is to say that the Anaheim Angels of 2002 were the
kephale (leaders) of all other baseball teams. But they were not the
arche (authorities) over the other baseball teams, because being at the head of the pack gave them no authoritative power over the other baseball teams.