Bob,
First I want to thank you for not wanting to build straw men.
#1. Does the RCC allow Non-CAtholics into the Gospel's "New Covenant"?
I'm not sure what you mean by this.
The Catholic Church teaches that those who do not have a chance to learn of Christ's Gospel, have the law written on their hearts, and since all men will be judged by Christ, at that time it is possible that they can accept Christ. As scripture states:
Romans 2:12
All who sin outside the law will also perish without reference to it, and all who sin under the law will be judged in accordance with it.
13 For it is not those who hear the law who are just in the sight of God; rather, those who observe the law will be justified.
14 For when the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature observe the prescriptions of the law, they are a law for themselves even though they do not have the law.
15 They show that the demands of the law are written in their hearts, 6 while their conscience also bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even defend them
16 on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge people's hidden works through Christ Jesus.
#2. Does the RCC claim that outside of the RCC there is no salavation?
The Catholic Church teaches that if you reject the one's Christ sent, then there is no chance of Salvation. The Catholic Church teaches that the Church was sent by Christ to teach men the Gospel.
The Catholic Church does teach that there is no salvation outside of the Catholic Church, but it teaches this because Christ said:
Luke 10:16 "He who hears you hears me, and he who rejects you rejects me, and he who rejects me rejects him who sent me"
The Church also teaches that if you believe that you are in the correct Church started by Christ, that you are Catholic by desire and therefore within the Church. In other words, the Catholic Church teaches that Baptists who believe that they are in the Church established by Christ should stay Baptist and are in the Catholic Church by desire.
Here is the Catechism piece:
From:
http://www.usccb.org/catechism/text/pt1sect2chpt3art9p3.htm
"Outside the Church there is no salvation"
846
How are we to understand this affirmation, often repeated by the Church Fathers?335 Re-formulated positively, it means that all salvation comes from Christ the Head through the Church which is his Body:
Basing itself on Scripture and Tradition, the Council teaches that the Church, a pilgrim now on earth, is necessary for salvation: the one Christ is the mediator and the way of salvation; he is present to us in his body which is the Church. He himself explicitly asserted the necessity of faith and Baptism, and thereby affirmed at the same time the necessity of the Church which men enter through Baptism as through a door. Hence they could not be saved who, knowing that the Catholic Church was founded as necessary by God through Christ, would refuse either to enter it or to remain in it.336
847
This affirmation is not aimed at those who, through no fault of their own, do not know Christ and his Church:
Those who, through no fault of their own, do not know the Gospel of Christ or his Church, but who nevertheless seek God with a sincere heart, and, moved by grace, try in their actions to do his will as they know it through the dictates of their conscience—those too may achieve eternal salvation.337
848
"Although in ways known to himself God can lead those who, through no fault of their own, are ignorant of the Gospel, to that faith without which it is impossible to please him, the Church still has the obligation and also the sacred right to evangelize all men."338
#3. WOULD people like Billy Graham be considered among the "heretics" of the dark ages by the RCC such that the "extermination" policy of Lateran IV would apply "to him"? Because "if so" then all non-Catholic Christian fall into that category.
Actually, it wasn't the Church that had such a policy, it was the civil authorities of that time. There were some bad bishops that didn't follow what the Church taught.
You might want to get a book titled "Salvation at Stake", it's written by a Harvard professor of history, who happens to be a protestant. The kings of those days were bad, and killed anyone that did not believe as they did. The worst was the Spanish Inquisition, but there were Luthereans that also killed many Catholics and Anabaptists. People used religion as the reason to do their evil, it was not the teachings of either churches. The inquistions go on to this day and it's simply finding out who are 'spy's within' sort of say. For example, if a Baptist school thought there was a Muslim teaching Islam, but claiming he was Baptist, then the school would inquire questions of him (an inquisition) and fire him and he wouldn't be able to teach Baptists anymore. This is what the goal of the inquistions were, but in Spain it was a bad king and I believe a bad Bishop that lead to the horrors that happened. At the time, the current Pope back then wrote a letter basically stating to let the Jews be Jews, Muslims be Muslims... but the King of Spain wouldn't hear of it and killed many of them.
You can find the book I mentioned at Amazon, the link is on the other thread, maybe page 16, or 18 I think.
God Bless,
Sirach
