Just finished my lesson on Jonah and it went well despite only getting through half my outline. Anyways this is one book that has me confused as if God only granted faith and repentance to the elect why did God have compassion on Nineveh, on the 120,000 children and everyone else? It seems as if Gods love flows to all elect and non elect indeed but his special love for the elect. Perhaps I got confused because I did not read any Calvinist commentaries on Jonah other than the ESV SB.
I mean God chooses to relent from his judgment because of the FREE WILL of the people. Would this not flow from the outline of the book Chosen but Free? Hmm.....
First, and foremost, Jonah is not about the People of Nineveh. In the storyline of the text they are secondary, they (along with the sailors) serve as a counterpoint to Jonah.
The Book of Jonah is primarily about God and His grace.
Ironically, Jonah--the Prophet of God--refuses to do God's will. He doesn't acknowledge God as he should, but the sailors and the Ninevites wind up doing so.
Secondly, what Jonah preaches to Nineveh can hardly be called a "gospel." He preaches "forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown," which is the ancient-day equivalent of "God hates F@gs..." There is no good news in Jonah's message, there is no revealing of God to them--His grace and His mercy, and Jonah's message is intended to leave Nineveh in darkness... (if you doubt this then answer why he went up onto the plan to watch the destruction he thought was coming...).
Up until the very end of the book, Jonah is defiant. In the beginning of the book he's actively defiant, and in the end of the book he's passive-aggressively defiant. But, he is defiant nonetheless.
The book, ultimately, leaves us to answer why the Ninevites repented. They were preached a deficient, Yahweh-absent "gospel," why or how did they repent? In the end, their repentance is not viewed as salvific; it is only a temporary stay of God's judgment (read the history of Assyria).
Does God have mercy on the People of Nineveh? Yes. Why? They repent. How do they repent having been given a deficient Gospel? It's only because God can and does use deficient Gospels to change people. But, it isn't the Gospel that is the thing here (for there was no "good news"), it's God's grace in bringing repentance to Nineveh. Why did God desire to show compassion on a city (and a nation, really) that is known to be gruesomely horrible? To demonstrate to Jonah that salvation isn't ultimately limited to Israel, that God can and does save people outside of Israel. Also, we see that God has compassion on sinners.
The entire episode reminds us that God will have mercy on those whom He chooses to have mercy on and that He will have compassion on those whom He will have compassion on. And, at times, He will do so through our efforts and, at other times, He will do so in spite of our efforts.
The Archangel