Just so. We need to be careful here, and be aware of the omni-presence of God.
We read that the Lord departed from Saul (1 Samuel 16:14a), but that did not mean that He was not aware of Saul or had no dealings with him at all (v.14b). What it does mean is that God had no communication with him, and he received no comfort from Him (1 Samuel 28:6).
that, I believe is what our Lord experienced as He made satisfaction for our sins before God.
Now according to A.W. Pink (
The Satisfaction of Christ), Christ's sufferings were:
1, A Federal Work.
2. A Substitutionary Work.
3. A Penal Work.
4. A Sacrificial Work.
I want just to look very briefly at the first two of these.
A Federal Work. Christ as the second Adam came to save His people; those whom the Father had given Him (John 6:39 etc.). There is a legal, covenantal union between Christ and His people.
'Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made' Galatians 3:16), but the Seed is first of all Christ, and then those who are in Him (1 Corinthians 15:22; Galatians 3:7). So what Christ has done, we have done; what has happened to Christ has happened to us.
'I have been crucified with Christ' (Galatians 2:20);
'If [or 'since']
then, you were raised with Christ.......' (Colossians 3:1; c.f. Ephesians 2:5-6).
A Substitutionary Work. Christ was the Surety for His people because He was their Substitute. Their debts became His debts; their sins, His sins; and their punishment, His punishment. Are His people due by divine justice eternal separation from God? Then Christ their Substitute is due the same by the same justice.
'The chastisement for our peace was upon Him.'
Eliphaz the Temanite asked,
"Whoever perished being innocent? Or where were the righteous cut off?" (Job 4:7). We may confidently answer, no one and nowhere! Christ was personally innocent and righteous, but as our Covenant Head and as our Substitute, He was legally guilty and suffered the just punishment for all the ones for whom He was Surety.
Pink also says that Christ's sacrifice was
a. A Ransoming One.
b. A Priestly One.
c. A Propitiatory One.
d. An Expiatory One.
It might make our discussions more fruitful and less acrimonious if we use these headings.