I understand these verses in context. The epistle to the Hebrews is addressed to the Hebrews. Many commentators have never figured that out. They read it as if it were addressed to them.
About covenants. Search the scriptures and you will find that all covenants, of which there are four, is given and pertain first and foremost to the nation and people of God, Israel. This includes the New Covenant, which was instituted at the resurrection of Jesus Christ. I am not guessing about that. We have 200 years previous to the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross and his resurrection when gentiles were the enemies of both God and his people and when no gentile had a covenant relationship with God and no blood sacrifice by which they could be atoned for their sins.
The cross of Jesus Christ established a way to God. What we know from the fall of Adam is that there is no approach to God without a blood sacrifice. He made atonement for Israel first and by extension for the sins of the whole world. All men, hearing what God has done for them through Christ, that is to impute his righteousness to any and all who will come on bended knee so to speak and in the name of Jesus Christ trusting that he actually did propitiate God and appease his wrath against sin by enduring it himself.
What a glorious truth that we have a message to the world that God will save them through Jesus Christ, his son. WOW!
Let me begin proving the truth of the gospel to you and if you want we can continue to discuss it but I expect a man who calls himself a Christian to believe the words of scripture and to honor prophetic, historical, and ethnical and literary context and make differences where God makes differences.
First, this is what God says to and about Israel . I want you to believe the words.
Rom 9:I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,
2 That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart.
3 For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:
4 Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;
5 Whose are the fathers, and of whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen.
Now, Paul said under inspiration that the covenants, along with some other things from OT times, pertained to Israel. Just for clarity let me say that this epistle was not written until there was history of Christianity and experience of Israel and gentiles must be explained because of that history. Israel had an OT relationship with God and the gentiles did not. Yet at the time this epistle was written the gentiles were included and were equal with the Jews. This was strange to Jews and unacceptable to most of them. Here is the time frame of this epistle.
Romans was written in 58 A D, the sixth of Paul's epistles and the seventh NT epistle.
For seven years, Acts 2 through 7, the gospel was not preached to anyone but the Jews in Jerusalem and Judaea.
The killing of Stephan was the official rejection of Israel of the New Covenant and in Chapter 8 the gospel preaching was broadened to Samaritans. The preachers remained the same, the 12 apostles and the 70 prophets of Christ, who had been trained by him for the job.
Paul, the man who would be chosen of God to take the gospel to the gentiles was saved in 37 A D.
He was given special comprehensive revelation of this age in 7 mysteries and he wrote 13 letters to gentiles explaining those mysteries that were hidden in the counsel of God.
Paul was in training for 3 years.
Meanwhile, it was Peter, the man with the keys to the kingdom of God, according to Matt 16, who opened the door of faith to gentiles when God sent him to the home of the Italian gentile Roman centurion in 40 AD to do the job.
Now, you should read and believe what Paul said about his own ministry as he addressed gentiles and explained the history that they had already witnessed and what he called the revelation of the mystery of Christ which is in capsule form in a single verse, Eph 3:6. We understand that gentiles were made partakers of the spiritual blessings of Israel's New Covenant, and at this point only the spiritual blessings of that covenant were experienced by anyone. The spiritual blessings are the forgiveness of sins and the gift of the Spirit of Christ whose presence in our bodies is a new birth into the family of God.
This is what he said in this context of the mystery of Christ about gentiles before Acts 10.
11 Wherefore remember, that ye being in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands;
12 That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:
13 But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.
Gentiles are made nigh to God by the blood of Jesus Christ. God made no covenants with gentile nations but has made us partakers of the New Covenant with Israel.
The following words actually meant something in 58 A D when they were written and still means the same thing today.
Rom 15:8 Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers:
9 And that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name.
10 And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people.
11 And again, Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles; and laud him, all ye people.
12 And again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust.
13 Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost.
14 And I myself also am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another.
15 Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of God,
16 That I should be the minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost.
17 I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God.
18 For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient, by word and deed,
19 Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyricum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
20 Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man's foundation:
21 But as it is written, To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard shall understand.
22 For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you.
23 But now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come unto you;
24 Whensoever I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you: for I trust to see you in my journey, and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company.
25 But now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints.
26 For it hath pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem.
27 It hath pleased them verily; and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things.
The only person who was chosen before the world began is Jesus Christ. Thanks for listening so far.