Not by the Magesterium; not by the Pope; not by the early church fathers; not by the local priest; not by Oral Tradition or any other tradition, etc. The Bible itself is its own authority.
If that is the case, how come there are so many variant and contradictory interpretations
These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so. (Acts 17:11)
This is oft-cited as some kind of 'proof text' for
sola Scriptura. It isn't; the 'Scriptures' the Bereans had were just the OT.
To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them. (Isaiah 8:20)
Catholics would say that they do.
All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: (2 Timothy 3:16)
All fine and dandy but there's no 'alone' in that verse so again it falls down as a proof text.
Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. (2 Timothy 2:15)
Ditto.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. (2 Peter 1:20-21)
The "private interpretation" spoken of above refers to one church's or one organization's interpretation, such as the RCC or the J.W.'s or the Mormon's interpretation.
That's your...ahem...
private interpretation; it can just as easily be - and is - interpreted to mean that Scripture is not to be privately interpreted by individuals.
I suppose that is why you find variety among the Baptist, which is not necessarily wrong.
You call it 'variety', I cll it 'epistemological anarchy'.
The key and most important distinctive is "The Bible is the final authority in all matters of faith and practice." To that end we take the commands of Scripture seriously.
And so do all the Catholics I know
For example, as stated above:
"Study to show yourselves approved..."
is given to every believer, not just the priests and the RCC hierarchy.
Yes. And?
Jesus also said to the elite hierarchy of his day:
"Ye do err not knowing the Scripture, neither the power of God."
He also said to them "You diligently study the Scriptures believing that by them you have eternal life, but these Scriptures testify about Me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life." Here is proof from the Lord Himself to demolish your case.
We are commanded to know the Scripture--all of us.
We are commanded to know the Scripture well enough to give an answer from it to all that ask us:
But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear: (1 Peter 3:15)
--The Church, priests, magesterium, Catechism, etc. cannot do that for me. I must do it myself. I must study the Bible on my own, and allow the Holy Spirit to guide me.
Here I would distinguish between personal edification and discipleship, for which private Bible study is excellent, and the formation of doctrine, for which it is disastrous, as witness the plethora of individualistic interpretations. No, Scripture study for dogmatic formation is in essence
corporate in nature: the whole Body of Christ rightly producing the correct interpretation.
There are no contradictions in the Bible. And though you won't believe me there are less contradictions between believers in the entire realm of evangelical Christianity than there is between the various sects of Catholicism. The claim has always been why is there so much division between "protestants"? There isn't. There is more doctrinal unity, especially in the area of soteriology, than there is in Catholicism among evangelical Christianity.
I'm sorry, but unless you can substantiate that absurd claim, I shall metally file it in thetrash! Take just soteriology (since you raise it) and just one poitn of division, Calvinists -v- Arminians: Calvinists say that salvation is entirely down to God, and man is powerless in it, that God chooses to save some and damn others; Arminians claim that man has free will to choose to be saved and that God is incapable of saving all. You thus have not just two entirely contradictory soteriologies but two entirely different gods, the first a moral monster who can save everyone but arbitrarily decides not to and the second who is a well-meaning but weak 'Jimmy Carter'-style god!
But they are not in harmony. Speak the truth. You said: "They see in harmony with..." They can see green as blue, but it isn't. They are deceived. Origen was a heretic even by Catholic standards. Many of the early heresies were brought in by the ECF, heresies which the RCC still hold to: transubstantiation, baptismal regeneration, purgatory, etc. They will try to defend these, but cannot--not by Scripture alone. So the argument is circular. They have to rely on other authorities (authorities that go contrary to the Bible) in order to support unbiblical doctrines. They cannot support such doctrines by the Bible alone.
All are however grounded in Scripture, it is just that their interpretation differs from yours, since you reject the Fathers' interpretations and they do not. Take the Trinity for example: the canons of the Ecumenical Councils, which form part of the patristic witness and
consensus patri, are fully in harmony with Scripture and yet expound a dogma which is not explicitly laid down in Scripture (unless you take the TR version of I Jn 5:7 as being original, I suppose, but even that doesn't describe how the Trinity inter-relate). Thta's a perfect example of harmony between the ECFs and Scripture - an essential and
authoritative intrepretation to refute the heresy of Arius who, incidentally but importantly,
had the same Scriptures as the ECFs.
In times past we were never encouraged to read the Bible.
Be that as it may, there are four readings of Scripture at each mass. So what? They are never expounded upon. The people don't know what they mean. They are dull of hearing. There is no study. A simple reading of a few verses here and there does very little for the congregation.
Take this example from the OT:
And
Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people; (for he was above all the people
and when he opened it, all the people stood up: And Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God.
6 And all the people answered, Amen, Amen, with lifting up their hands: and they bowed their heads, and worshipped the LORD with their faces to the ground. ...
8So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly,
and gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading. (Nehemiah 8:5-8)
--Ezra did not just read. He gave the sense; the meaning of the Scripture. He caused them to understand what it meant. That is expository preaching. That is what preachers do today. We make it easy on our people. If you read the passage, all the people in Ezra's day so reverenced the Word of God, that they stood to hear it read, and expounded upon.
The result:
And Nehemiah, which is the Tirshatha, and Ezra the priest the scribe, and the Levites that taught the people, said unto all the people, This day is holy unto the LORD your God; mourn not, nor weep.
For all the people wept, when they heard the words of the law. (Nehemiah 8:9)
--There was genuine repentance.
Reading a few words here and there in the Mass is fruitless.
Er...obviously you haven't been to Mass recently. Last time I went, as a friend's guest, there was a 15-minute expository sermon on the Scripture readings including exhortation, encouragement, exegesis and hermeneutics, with none of which could I find fault. I'm told this is pretty standard fayre at Mass these days in the UK at least.
And, hang on a minute! Doesn't what you've put just above flatly contradict what you've said earlier in this quote? "I must study the Bible on my own and allow the Holy Spirit to guide me."
Now you're saying you need someone else to expound the passage, that "reading a few words here and there is meanigless." You can't have it both ways! Which is it?
Whilst I'm on the subject of Catholic Scripture reading, in particular
private Bible study, the Catholic Daily Offices, which all Catholics are encouraged to say privately, incorporate several Scripture readings
per Office (and there are, IIRC, 7 Offices per day); for instance, the Office for Lauds (morning prayer) today requires you to read Ps 67, Ps 51, Is 45, Ps 100, Is 52:13-15 and Luke 1: 67-79. How many evangelicals do you know who read that amount of Scripture?