The first thing I need to say is thank you for giving a specific scriptural reference. Too many of these exchanges (not just you) involve broad assertions not backed up with a scripture reference. I think a careful examination of this passage, not just verse 40, will be enlightening:
Matthew 12:38-41
Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to Him, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from You.” But He answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation craves for a sign; and yet no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet; for just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. The men of Nineveh will stand up with this generation at the judgment, and will condemn it because they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.
Let’s break it down carefully:
Then some of the scribes and Pharisees said to Him, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from You.”
The scribes and Pharisees wanted to see a sign that would be indisputable (as if that existed for unbelieving hearts), so they pressed Jesus on the matter.
But He answered and said to them, “An evil and adulterous generation craves for a sign; and yet no sign will be given to it but the sign of Jonah the prophet
So Jesus tells them that He is not there to do tricks for evil and unbelieving people. Instead, He directs them to the well-known tale of Jonah, the prophet and draws a comparison:
… for just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the sea monster, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
Jesus compares Himself to Jonah’s three day and three night experience in the belly of the monster to His upcoming time in the tomb, which He non-literally calls “the heart of the earth. His time in the tomb is also not literally “three days and three nights,” simply three days and two nights (although some work very hard to make it fit since they insist that Jesus must me literal here), and Jonah is alive in the belly of the monster while Jesus is physically dead while in the tomb. Jesus is not using literalism here, He is making a reference to a story that they would know that has symbolic resonance for them.
The men of Nineveh will stand up with this generation at the judgment, and will condemn it because they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.
Why did Jesus use the example of Jonah? Because of the three-day reference AND so He can compare His accusers to the men of Ninevah who did repent because of a simple declaration from Jonah, “Yet forty days and Nineveh will be overthrown.”
But Jesus is greater than Jonah and He is giving them all kinds of evidence.
That being said, I think you can make a much better case for Jonah being a literal, historical person based on Matthew 12:41 because of a reference to men who heard Jonah being at the judgment, than a simple reference by Jesus in Matthew 12:40.
Now, back to your question: “…was [Jesus] wrong or right?”
Jesus was obviously right that His death and resurrection would be the only sign that evil and unbelieving people would necessarily get.
But in light of our discussion, you are asking a question that Jesus is not addressing. He is simply making a scriptural reference, not asserting that it is literal history.
Again, I just want to point out that I lean toward Jonah being an allegory, but I have no problem with it being literal and historical. I also want to point out that it make NO DIFFERENCE whether or not it is an allegory or literal and historical in regard to the teaching of Jesus.
Your question drips with venom (that’s a non-literal statement). I have NOT claimed any part of the Bible is “mere myth.” That’s your foul assessment, not mine. You have also introduced a new term into our discussion, “historical factual.” Please explain what your terminology means before I answer any other questions related to those terms.
Sure. They happen now too. I’ve dealt with the demonic in my ministry.
Sure. Why not?
Sure. Genesis 12 marks a change in the Book of Genesis that moves away from the foundational truths about God and humankind and begins the story of God working with Abraham and his children to redeem humankind.
You really need to stop letting Don Stewart think for you. He asserts that just because Jesus and Paul make references to Old Testament figures, that proves that those figures were literal and historical humans.
Just because I reference the prodigal son that Jesus talked about doesn’t mean that I think he was real. That's not logical or biblical.