1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
Every word and phrase of Genesis 1:2, like Genesis 1:1, is vitally important to a sound understanding of God’s created universe.
1. “And the earth was…”
It is significant that every verse in the first chapter of Genesis (except Genesis 1:1) begins with the conjunction “And” (Hebrew waw). This structure clearly means that each statement is sequentially and chronologically connected to the verses before and after. Each action follows directly upon the action described in the verse preceding it.
This pattern must apply to the first two verses, as well as to any other pair of verses in the chapter. Thus there seems no room for a chronological age gap of any consequence between the first two verses of Genesis. The condition described in verse 2 follows immediately upon the creative act of verse 1.
Even if there were a significant time gap implied between these two verses, there is nothing whatever in the context to justify inserting the supposed ages of geology there. This device, as already noted, would generate overwhelming scientific and theological problems.
The gap theory also proposes that the word translated “was” (Hebrew hayetha) should really be translated “became,” thus suggesting a change of state from the original perfect creation to the chaotic condition inferred from verse 2. Although such a translation is grammatically possible, it is highly unlikely in this particular context.
The verb is the regular Hebrew verb of being (hayetha), not the word normally used to denote a change of state (haphak). Although hayetha can also, if the context warrants, be used to introduce a change of state, it simply means “was” in 98 percent of its occurrences. That is why, in the King James and every other standard translation of the Bible, Genesis 1:2 is always translated “was,” never “became.” There is nothing at all in the context of Genesis 1 to suggest that it should in this particular case be rendered “became.” But even if it were to be translated “became,” it would not necessarily imply a change of state. It might well refer simply to the nature assumed by the created earth in response to the divine creative flat of Genesis 1:1.
2. “Without form and void”
This phrase is, in Hebrew, tohu wavohu, or tohu waw bohu. The gap theory suggests that these words should really be translated “ruined and desolate,” or some such phrase.
In justification of this claim, reconstructionists maintain that God, being perfect, would never create the universe in a chaotic state. Therefore, they say, such a state must have come about long after the creation itself, probably because of Satan’s sin and judgment. Furthermore, they point out, Isaiah 45:18 specifically says that God created not the earth “in vain (Hebrew tohu), He formed it to be inhabited.”
Such an interpretation of Genesis 1:2, however, is very forced and unnatural. The word tohu can carry various shades of meaning. It occurs twenty times in the Old Testament and is translated in the King James Version no less that ten different ways (“vanity,” “confusion,” “empty place,” “nothing,” etc.). Its proper translation depends on the specific context and the best translation in the context of Genesis 1:2 is exactly as the King James scholars rendered it: “without form.”
Similarly, the context of Isaiah 45:18 (having to do with God’s purpose for the land of Israel) makes the best translation there to be “in vain.” Paraphrasing, the message can be read: “God created not the earth [to be] forever unformed and uninhabited, He formed it to be inhabited.” The creation narrative in Genesis 1 tells the steps by which He brought form to the unformed earth and living inhabitants to its empty surface. There is certainly no contradiction with the statement in Genesis 1:2 that the initial creation was of basic elements rather than of a completed system. The initial creation was not perfect in the sense that it was complete, but it was perfect for that first steps of God’s six-day plan of creation.
Likewise, the word bohu does not connote a desolation, but simply “emptiness.” When initially created, the earth had no inhabitants; it was “void.”
The essential meaning, therefore, is: “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth [or space and matter], and the matter so created was at first unformed and uninhabited.”
The created cosmos, as discussed earlier, was a tri-universe of time, space, and matter. Initially there were no stars or planets, only the basic matter component of the space-matter-time continuum. The elements which were to be formed into the planet Earth were at first only elements, not yet formed but nevertheless comprising the basic matter – the “dust” of the earth.