Ok Pastor Larry, with your permission lets us try again.
First lets us keep in mind Pauls words in Rom 1 as we look at chapter 5:
Rom 1:18 ¶ For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
Rom 1:19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed [it] unto them.
Rom 1:21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified [him] not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.
Rom 1:22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
Rom 1:25 Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.
Rom 1:28 And even as they did not like to retain God in [their] knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;
Rom 1:32 Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
We see that the judgment of God is against those who knowing the truth rejected it. The scriptures ALWAYS stated the judgment of God (condemnation) is upon those who SIN and you can not sin unless you know the truth of what is good or right as it states in Rom 2:
Rom 2:2 But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things.
Keep this in mind because Paul continues this thought all the way through Romans. Now on to Rom 5.
Notice from the very first verse Paul is speaking of those who have believed and it was because of their belief they have been justified. (compare it with Rom 3:26)
Anyhoo...
Now wee that justifcation comes through belief:
Rom 5:9 Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. and in that justification they are SAVED from Gods wrath.
What did they need justifying from, the sins they commited knowing full well it was wrong and commiting theses to that which was against truth - They rejected it. Please notice that up till now we have NEVER been told we are Judged TO Hell because we have a sin nature but because of the sins we commit does this judgment take effect. The sin nature itself IS THE judgment upon man THROUGH Adam for his disobedience and is the reason we are seperated from God and without life and light which are only in God. And we see that the death of Christ in the next verse reconciles us all back to God being seperated and Him coming back to life garentees those same - life. Now look at verse 11 because it is interesting that atonement is a seperate issue.
Rom 5:11 And not only [that], but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.
Why are seperated. Simple - The death of Christ reconciled us back to God because we were away from God due to our sin nature and His life is the proof of that reconciliation. However ch. 11 tells that not only is the sin nature (which was the enemy of God) reconciled IN Christ ONLY, but not only that we have now recieved ATONEMENT in that same death. Atonement is for those sins commited in defience of the truth and against God. Remember that scripture tells us that with out the shedding of blood there IS NO Remission of SINS. So what we have in the death of Christ is a reconciling of the sin nature but ALSO if sins were commited an Atonement is also given. Two things have been done through the death of Christ. It made peace with God for those who have never sinned but hold forth the same sin nature that cause one TO sin yet have not themselves yet due to inability to do so, and atoned for the sins commited due to the sin by personal choice against God. One is a past judgment ended (from Adam) and the other is a future Judgment we have been redeemed from.
Rom 5:12 ¶ Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:
So death (physical AND Spiritual passed upon all man for all have sinned. (did we all sin or is it that ALL in Adam share Adams sin? All in Adam share Adams sin - as we will see in 18 - therefore in that sharing all have sinned)
Rom 5:13 (For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law.
Rom 5:14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
The similtude is the that Adam chose to sin and so death reigned in all and is why the verse states all have sinned EVEN those that had NOT sinned. Notice also it speaking of all men and individuals when is states even those who had not sinned.
Rom 5:15 But not as the offence, so also [is] the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, [which is] by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
Jesus, like Adam chose to give to us grace through His death. Now there is a divsion again of the whole, many will not be saved and many will (in essense). Here we have again a breaking down of the whole into small groups which deal with individual as we will soon see. Moving on...
Rom 5:16 And not as [it was] by one that sinned, [so is] the gift: for the judgment [was] by one to condemnation, but the free gift [is] of many offences unto justification.
This gift will not be given like Adams to all men through Him. But in the sense of a gift. One seperated man but this gift justifies. Now this is important since justification is only to those who have COMMITED sin by willing rejecting the truth.
Look back up through my post to see or heck just re-read Romans chapters 1-5. Justification are for those who have of themselves become unjustified before God.
Remember though - this justification isn't just set out to all Gods people but is given only by WHEN THEY BELIEVE
Rom 3:25 Whom God hath set forth [to be] a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;
Rom 3:26 To declare, [I say], at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.
Justification is through faith in the work of Jesus Christ.
Rom 5:17 For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.)
Here we see that besause of the choice of one man death (seperation and physical) came to us all. But to them which RECEIVED (present active participle - showing it was the subject is in fact the doer who doing the accepting), why is this important? Because like Adam man must chose to accept or reject truth.
Now This is not about Cal/Non-Cal because you can hold to either opinion and still come away that this bears the same truth from either side.
But still Sin is judged because we have commited them and therefore we need justification concerning those sins. But for those unable to they also have been reconciled to God.