I've stayed out of this so far - only the watchers will be informed, the antipreterists will only be hardened.
I hope all would agree that AD 70 saw the judgment of the defiant & unrepentant Israelites for rejecting their Messiah, and the Apostolic Gospel offering free & full forgiveness & salvation. "This generation" perished as Jesus warned.
True, believing Israel comprised many thousands including -
the faithful remnant such as Zechariah & Elisabeth, Simeon, Anna, Mary, Joseph, the Shepherds;
the crowds who responded to John's preaching & baptism, who subsequently followed Jesus;
those baptised by Jesus & his disciples - many more than baptised by John;
3,000 converted at Pentecost, & 5,000 soon after, with continuous additions;
a large number of priests;
those of the dispersion who heard the Gospel from Paul & the 12 Apostles & other missionaries;
All these forming the New Covenant Church.
Israel as a nation was rejected, whereas
Israel as a people was never rejected, nor could bein the eternal purposes of God. The church, which soon included Gentiles became God's
Holy Nation in Christ. Compare God's conditional promise (IF) in Exodus 19 with the secure status of believers in Christ in 1 Peter 2.
Paul in Rom. 11 does not prophesy a future for Israel
as a nation but salvation 7 "regrafting" for those who do not continue in unbelief. He has already expalined who are Israel in preceding chapters. And the future tense in Rom. 11:26 is because it is a quote from Isaiah, not because there will be a future deliverer from Zion. And of course many Jews would be saved in the future (from the time of Paul writing) as they turned to Christ.
There is no prophecy by Jesus or his Apostles of a reestablishment of a Jewish/Israelite nation. The "holy nation" was established by the saving work of their Saviour. As Zechariah explained -
2:3 While the angel who was speaking to me was leaving, another angel came to meet him 4 and said to him: ‘Run, tell that young man, “Jerusalem will be a city without walls because of the great number of people and animals in it. 5 And I myself will be a wall of fire around it,” declares the Lord, “and I will be its glory within.”
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10 ‘Shout and be glad, Daughter Zion. For I am coming, and I will live among you,’ declares the Lord. 11 ‘Many nations will be joined with the Lord in that day and will become my people. I will live among you and you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you. 12 The Lord will inherit Judah as his portion in the holy land and will again choose Jerusalem. 13 Be still before the Lord, all mankind, because he has roused himself from his holy dwelling.’
Notice the oft-repeated Covenant relationship - "
11 ‘Many nations will be joined with the Lord in that day and will become my people. I will live among you and you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you."
Jer. 11:1 This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: 2 ‘Listen to the terms of this covenant and tell them to the people of Judah and to those who live in Jerusalem. 3 Tell them that this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: “Cursed is the one who does not obey the terms of this covenant – 4 the terms I commanded your ancestors when I brought them out of Egypt, out of the iron-smelting furnace.” I said, “Obey me and do everything I command you, and you will be my people, and I will be your God. 5 Then I will fulfil the oath I swore to your ancestors, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey”– the land you possess today.’
In the New Covenant Gospel, Jerusalem is a heavenly city, of which all believers are citizens.