From the Bible:
Act 2:37 Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?
--Peter was preaching to about 100,000 Jews out of which 3,000 were saved. I am sure that "pricked in their heart" that is "convicted of the Holy Spirit" applied to far more than just 3,000. But if you are not, let's move on.
In his sermon Stephen said:
Act 7:51 Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.
--Their resistance of the Holy Spirit is obvious here, as Stephen observed not only here, but all throughout their history.
Act 7:54 When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with their teeth.
--Great conviction of sin here--even to the point of gnashing of teeth.
Act 7:57 Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,
Act 7:58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul.
--The ultimate in resisting the Holy Spirit. It was a reaction to Stephen's vision of seeing Jesus standing on the right hand of the throne of God, and Stephen declaring his deity. They couldn't bear the testimony of Stephen's Spirit-filled message any longer. With a Satanic urge they cried aloud, deafened their ears, and murdered Stephen.
Let there be no doubt. They were convicted of the Holy Spirit but resisted Him.
As a pastor:
I have seen many under the conviction of the Holy Spirit, clutching the pew in front of them, knowing that they should come to Christ, but resisting the Spirit not wanting to yield to Him. Many times has this happened.