Here is my understanding of Calvinism, Reformed Theology, Monergism, the Doctrines of Grace, or whatever the adherents are calling it this week.
Total Depravity
Human beings are so helplessly affected by the consequences of original sin that they are incapable of righteousness. In fact, they hate God (and God hates them) and humans are always and unchangeably sinful; the human will is not free, rather it is totally enslaved by sin; we can only choose evil, and do so without compunction. No unregenerate, unelected person can do good deeds. God must “zap” the sinner with a new heart so that he can receive God’s grace and gain the ability to repent. This is called regeneration. At some point in the future, could be seconds, could be weeks, could be years, God then gifts the sinner with the gift of faith so that the sinner can believe everything that God just did to him against his filthy, sinful will.
Unconditional Election
Because we can only choose evil, God, from before the world was created, chose or elected a minority of people to be made righteous and be saved from Hell. These elect people were chosen completely at random, according to God’s good pleasure. What that good pleasure might be is a mystery. As a consequence of electing some, God chose to condemn all other unelected people and they will be sent to Hell. God makes his power known by creating people meant solely for destruction. This is done for God’s glory.
Limited Atonement
The effects of the atonement, whereby God forgives sinners of their sin, is limited only to those particular people that he chose from before the foundation of the world. The gift of faith is given only to these particular, elected people and secures their salvation. Jesus did not die for the sins of the whole world, but only for the elect. BTW, when the word “world” is used in the Bible in reference to salvation, it means “the elect” and not “everyone”.
Irresistible Grace
While anyone may hear the gospel the Holy Spirit only extends an inward call to the elect. This call cannot and will not be rejected. There is no cooperation by man in this process whatsoever. It will happen no matter what. After God irresistibly calls the sinner, after he creates a new heart in them, after he gifts them with faith, after he causes them to repent, THEN they have free will.
Perseverance of the Saints
All those particular people who are chosen by God from before the creation of the world, irresistibly called by the Spirit, given a new heart, gifted with faith, caused to repent against their natural will, and peculiarly atoned by Christ, are saved from Hell, and will be eternally kept in the faith by the gift of faith that God has given them. A good way to know if someone is truly saved is if they perform good works. If someone does not perform good works and strive with their best effort not to sin, they probably weren’t elect to begin with, in fact they were chosen for damnation, and when they go to Hell it will be for God’s glory.