Hi Darrell:
You've asked some good questions and ones that I haven't considered. I am going to offer a quick answer then reply more in-depth in the next couple of days. However, I ask for your patience. I leave on Saturday for a trip across country with three of my grandchildren and I have much to do tomorrow.
No ruxh, and you guys have a great time.
1. Is the bread Christ passes His body? If this is asking -- is the host truly the body of Christ? Yes. Absolutely.
But it is not. This is the Passover meal, and this event takes place under the Covenant of Law. The New Covenant would not be established properly until first Christ died, then arose, returned to Heaven, and sent the Promised Spirit.
This is why He states "Do this in remembrance."
And what we remember when we partake of Communion is His death. It is His death which brought about Eternal Redemption:
Hebrews 9:12-15
King James Version (KJV)
12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.
13 For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh:
14 How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
15 And for this cause he is the mediator of the new testament, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
The euphemism "blood" is defined as death in v.15. Throughout the entire New Testament we see use of this euphemism, and it is not in reference to His literal blood coursing through His veins, for if His "blood" (in that respect) saved, then Christ need not have died.
This is a basic teaching we see going back to the Garden, in which Adam and Eve received a covering for their sin, in which I think we can safely say that an animal or animals died. Then we see Abel bring of his flock and "the fat thereof," familiar terminology in the Law concerning animals sacrificed.
It is summed up like this:
Leviticus 17:11
King James Version (KJV)
11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul.
Thus it is the life taken which is in view. It was not a matter of sin being atoned for in this temporary provision given by God through bloodletting, it was necessary that the sacrifice die. We do not separate the "blood" from the "flesh," which is seen in the memorial of Christ's death, but flesh and blood are represented, and I think this is to make sure that it was clear to those remembering Christ's Sacrifice that...He died.
We don't have groups that only remember the blood, and we don't have groups that only remember the flesh. It's always both, the two representing His death.
Hebrews 9:22
King James Version (KJV)
22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.
Again, I would point out that the "Last Supper" is a ceremony within the Law (though it precedes the Law), and that Christ was made under the Law (Galatians 4:4), and perfectly fulfilled the Law. If we say that He is literally saying "This is my flesh, this is my blood," then we have to equally conclude that partaking of Christ (from a spiritual standpoint, and in relation to the New Covenant) was accomplished through obedience to the Law, and by keeping the Feasts.
And Paul makes it clear this is not so. The Writer of Hebrews spends a great deal of time contrasting the First Covenant (the Covenant of Law) with the New Covenant, and denies any possibility that we can impose into the Law the benefits that were bestowed to men when the New Covenant was established.
Now think about the Passover, and ask yourself if the Passover (originally and that memorial that was instituted under Law) equates to the actual Sacrifice of Christ. If you say yes, then why was it necessary for Christ to come from Heaven, die, rise again, and establish the New Covenant?
The animal that stood in the place of those saved in the original Passover, and the animals that died in every following Passover...could not take away the sins of the world. It was a picture of that Sacrifice that would. That is the bread and wine, the flesh and body of the Last Supper. Christ expounds upon this ceremony, and in saying "...this is my body...this is my blood," He is showing their representation formerly of His death. But the death was still...the animal. The elements of the Passover have to be kept distinct. It was not the bread and wine that stood as the element of death, but the animal.
One more passage to consider:
Hebrews 10:1-4
King James Version (KJV)
1 For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.
2 For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins.
3 But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year.
4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
Again, we can see a parallel between the sacrifices of the Law with Christ, and the bottom line is that in view is His sacrifice, not the elements of memorial. When Passover was celebrated, they did not skip the sacrifice, nor could they, because that sacrifice was the prescribed method. And in general, if those sacrifices could take away sins and make the "comer thereunto (the worshipper)" perfect (complete), then would not the sacrifices have ceased?
But Christ's Sacrifice did take away sins, and that Sacrifice (His death) did make the comer thereunto perfect...for ever (Hebrews 10:14). That is why we do not still sacrifice. No animal need die in our stead to "cover" our sins, because Christ's death in our stead takes them away (removes the Penalty for sin).
The primary point being, it is not the bread and wine of Communion that brings about relationship with God, but His death itself, which is memorialized in Communion. Just as the Passover Lamb of the original Passover was memorialized in the Law. The lambs slain did not continue to liberate the Hebrew People from the death that came upon Egypt, right? Nor does remembrance of Christ's death continue to liberate men from the Penalty for sins, because, as we are told...
Hebrews 10:14
King James Version (KJV)
14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
Place that perfection (completion) in relation to what he states about the sacrifices of the Law, and you will understand he is saying that His death was a one-time offering that made complete the end to which it served, which was to take away sins.
And I Know this was a little long, so I will break this up to make it easier for you to respond.
Continued...