I cannot find anywhere that says divorce disqualifies a man from being a Pastor, Elder or Deacon, I do find that he is to be the husband of one wife. Paul was not only referring to polygamy, but divorce and then remarrying another woman as well. If Paul did not mean marrying another woman while your (divorced) wife is living then he would have said that the flavor of the day/month/year/decade (fill in as needed) is OK if the papers are filed correctly or some other nonsense.
It is not the sin that disqualifies the man from being a Pastor, Elder or Deacon, for God can and does forgive all sins when asked to do so. This was not intended to be a form of punishment but it is the way God wants His Church led. Why? Because He is God and that is what He wants. I find that those who want to follow God's Word do their best to do so, but those who want to follow man's word do so and then spend a lifetime trying to justify it. I have looked and looked and I cannot find anywhere in the scripture describing a biblical divorce. I cannot find where God approves of divorce of any kind. I do find in Matthew 19 that Jesus said that when married the two shall become as one and if a man Also, it was Moses (not God) that gave in to the hardness of the heart of the people and allowed divorce.
Divorce is not the issue, it is remarrying another. Divorce does not disqualify a man from being a pastor, elder or deacon however, the reasons for divorce probably disqualifies this man for at least a season or more.
These are boundaries or rules that God set up for His Church. It is natural for men to try to change these rules with rules that makes it easier for men, but that does not change the rules that God set. All it does is make men feel better and justify why men do not follow God's word. (After all God knows what He wants for His church).
Again, This was not set up to punish anyone, it was set up as guidelines for God's Church and His followers
I do find the circumstance of divorcing one and marrying another or remarrying the first wife after she has remarried and divorced another as being disqualifying.
A man who divorced at a young age before he was saved and remarried a wonderful woman later and they had the best family the world has ever seen is still not the husband of one wife and is disqualified from being a pastor, elder or deacon. There are many other areas God can and will call him to serve in.
In the original post, the woman at the well was given as an example. Jesus was not vetting her to hold the office of Pastor, Elder or Deacon. Jesus was telling her about salvation and how to receive it, something that all will have the opportunity to do so.
There is consequence for sin, the most important and horrifying one is death and eternal separation from God. Joyfully and humbly, I tell you that the Blood of Jesus will counter the eternal separation from God, to all who will receive it. God's forgiveness is greater than any and all my/our sin.