I'm aware of the "different interpretations".
God wants His pastors to be above reproach.
One wife, not an adulterer according to the Law:
" Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth?
2 For the woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to [her] husband so long as he liveth; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of [her] husband.
3 So then if, while [her] husband liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man." ( Romans 7:1-3 )
To me, this passage is "reciprocal", in that it's speaking about a woman, but it applies equally to a man.
Also, death dissolves the marriage.
" The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord." ( 1 Corinthians 7:39 )
Looking in the "big picture", I take it against
polygamy, because marriage is between one man and one woman for life.
God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Eve and Sarah and Elizabeth.
According to God's word, a man can only have one wife and be a pastor or deacon ( 1 Timothy 3:1-13 ).
If a man's original wife is still alive, and he marries another, then he is now the husband of
two wives ( that's what makes it adultery, having relations with another woman when he's still married
in God's eyes to the first woman )...until either the first or second dies.
He then reverts to being the husband of one wife.
Divorce in man's eyes does not annul the marriage...the only way a marriage is not a marriage, is if it has not been consummated.
Then it can be annulled.
In God's eyes, marriage occurs when a man and woman "know each other"...when a man "takes" a woman as his wife ( Genesis 24:67 )...not when a ceremony takes place.
With all that said,
How can a man be a pastor or deacon and obey God's commandment if they are divorced and the original spouse is still alive?
I would say that he cannot.
But one thing I can tell you historically...
I think you'd be hard-pressed to find the pastors of 100-300 years ago as being anything but once-married or widowed and re-married.
That is the way it was treated.
I think that we as believers treat marriage and divorce today far too casually...it's a serious and life-long commitment for two people who are supposed to love each other until death.
That is what I hold to.
As for divorce and holding any other office or gift in the church...I would say it's OK if a man that was divorced was a teacher or was involved in some way with edifying his brothers and sisters...just not as an elder or deacon.
I think part of the confusion here might be in our modern definition of "pastor", which is a "super Christian" who does everything.
Christ's churches have a multiplicity of elders, deacons and so forth.
One can teach, one preaches, one pastors ( oversees ), one is a deacon ( helps the church in real-world ways ), etc ( Ephesians 4:11-16 ).
I see God's offices ( pastor / elder and deacon ) as being reserved for the most humble of servants, and the most obedient.
May God bless you sir.