Verse 12. To as many as received him. The great mass; the people; the scribes and Pharisees rejected him. A few in his lifetime received him, and many more after his death. To receive him, here, means to believe on him. This is expressed at the end of the verse.
Gave he power. This is more appropriately rendered in the margin by the word right or privilege. Comp. Acts 1:7; 5:4; Romans 9:21; 1 Corinthians 7:37; 8:9; 9:4,5.
Sons of God. Children of God by adoption. See Barnes "Matthew 1:1". Christians are called sons of God--
1st. Because they are adopted by him, 1 John 3:1.
2nd. Because they are like him; they resemble him and have his spirit.
3rd. They are united to the Lord Jesus, the Son of God--are regarded by him as his brethren (Matthew 25:40), and are therefore regarded as the children of the Most High.
On his name. This is another way of saying believeth in him. The name of a person is often put for the person himself, John 2:23 John 2:18; 1 John 5:13. From this verse we learn,
1st. That to be a child of God is a privilege-far more so than to be the child of any man, though in the highest degree rich, or learned, or honoured. Christians are therefore more honoured than any other men.
2nd. God gave them this privilege. It is not by their own works or deserts; it is because God chose to impart this blessing to them, Ephesians 2:8; John 15:16.
3rd. This favour is given only to those who believe on him. All others are the children of the wicked one, and no one who has not confidence in God can be regarded as his child. No parent would acknowledge one for his child, or approve of him, who had no confidence in him, who doubted or denied all he said, and who despised his character. Yet this the sinner constantly does toward God, and he cannot, therefore, be called his son.
{p} "as many as received him" Isaiah 56:4,5; Romans 8:15; 1 John 3:1
{1} "power to become" or, "the right or privilege"
Verse 13. Which were born. This doubtless refers to the new birth, or to the great change in the sinner's mind called regeneration or conversion. It means that they did not become the children of God in virtue of their natural birth, or because they were the children of Jews, or because they were descended from pious parents. The term "to be born" is often used to denote this change. Comp. John 3:3-8 1 John 2:29. It illustrates clearly and beautifully this great change. The natural birth introduces us to life. The new birth is the beginning of spiritual life. Before, the sinner is dead in sins (Ephesians 2:1); now he begins truly to live. And as the natural birth is the beginning of life, so to be born of God is to be introduced to real life, to light, to happiness, and to the favour of God. The term expresses at once the greatness and the nature of the change.