Originally posted by Daisy:
Does anyone else think that some of these amateur interrogators are seriously perverted, sexually?
That's a good question Daisy. I'll share my personal non-expert opinions on this with some rambling thoughts. I hope you'll endure this lengthy response. I admit it covers a few more subjects that you asked about:
Sexual perversion of key players was, in my opinion, an element of this specific misconduct but not the main objective. These key players were sergeants who, good or bad, set the example and tone for their troops to follow.
There's a natural tendency of persons placed in control of others to lean towards exercising that control in an aggressive manner if those they're controlling are constantly taunting them and frustration is allowed to rule unchecked. Some persons revert to expressing that aggression with sexually perverted acts as ultimate forms of humiliating the objects of their aggression.
These acts did not come from their military training nor military doctrine. I am certain of this! They came from the evil nature of mankind regardless whether it was germinated by them or others around them, above them, or from another facility. It doesn't take much for mankind to figure out ways to hurt one another.
There's a natural tendency to want to be part of the team and, when conditions are at their worst, a lot of people will align with whatever seems to be the norm even if they don't personally approve it. A "lot" does not mean "all". It is very notable that the first reports of problems to commanders came from within and from persons who were not willing to go along. It takes tremendous courage to stand up to your peers when you're all alone. It is also notable that those reports were immediately addressed by criminal and command investigations.
From the perspective of interrogation effectiveness, these tactics, which we find so offensive, were counter productive not withstanding being illegal. This doesn't extend to every tactic that's been reported because some of them were completely legal. It certainly includes the sexually perverted acts, physical abuse, etc. Those things have no place in our "tool kit". It does not extend to authorized aggressive interrogation techniques. The disgusting conduct - mistreatment in general - never pays dividends with an enemy long term.
Mistreatment, while it might get immediate answers from a specific prisoner, will come back to get you when it builds resolve to resist within the enemy, when others give any answer just to avoid mistreatment, when the general population turns against you on knowledge of your mistreatment, when former prisoners spread intense hatred of you when released from confinement, or when the tables are turned and you find yourself in the enemy hands.
I must note that the job of guarding violent prisoners seems a lot easier when viewed causally, remotely, and infrequently. To us, outside the prison, we view this conduct as despicable as we should. Inside a prison, the highly stressful realism can create a different set of apparently acceptable standards of conduct. Civilian prison guards can attest to the difficult nature of this kind of work and how it tests the limits of those tasked to perform it even with criminal prisoners much less in confinement facilities containing enemy combatant and terrorist prisoners in the midst of an active war. Proper handling prisoners of war from the moment of capture to their ultimate dispositon is a difficult and sensitive task for all involved.
Regardless how difficult, the primary responsibility for properly executing the duties rests with those doing it. They can not escape that responsibility no matter how hard the job becomes. They can never be permitted to use the excuse "we didn't know" because they did or "we were told to do it" because they weren't or they knew better.
This is why people tasked to these jobs must have strong character, proper disposition, firm but fair handling, be mission focused, etc. and with limited choices such people are difficult to find. This is why adequate personnel, proper equipment, good facilities, rotation of assignments, etc. are critical. This is why realistic training and re-training on proper methods of handling prisoners is so critical not only to comply with law but also to protect those handling them. This is why policy, doctrine, orders, etc. must be clear, clearly communicated, and firmly enforced. That is why organization, chain of command, etc. must also be clear. This is why strict discipline must also be maintained among prisoners. This is why troop morale - including a firm knowledge of what citizens at home expect - is so critical to rising above the stressful stituations to do the right things for the right reasons. This is why relationships between troops must remain professional such that the jobs of leaders are in no way compromised by personal factors.
Most of all this is why constant supervision and monitoring of prison operations to maintain proper order and discipline of the all involved is absolutely essential. This is the direct responsibility of the non-commissioned officers - the sergeants - and the first line company grade officers - the lieutenants and captains - who run the daily operations of facilities like this. It is the responsibility of more senior officers to properly supervise their command. This is why persons at different levels from top to bottom - Sergeant to General - have been and are being held to account for their part. I expect more will be named as the due process of law marches forward.
In the case of Abu Ghraib, there were failures in all these areas to one degree or another. Some of these were personal failures of the participants in the misconduct. Some were leadership failures of those responsible for supervising and directly the facilities. Some were situational failures resulting form limited resources, limited time, and higher priorities in other missions. Some were organization conflicts inherent in any function with an assortment of participants with different goals in mind and less than desirable unity of command.
There's another key factor that I suspect enters into the problems at the prison and the military in general. I hope I'm wrong but if I'm not then God help us when we fight a sustained war against an enemy of equal strength! That, however, is another topic and one which would generate endless debate considerably off topic of this thread.