There are those that hear, but have no capacity to hear and those that hear and are given ears to hear.
The declaration by God given to all men, does not mean that all men have the innate capability to respond to the declaration. I think this is specifically shown in the Romans 11 passage.
I am not sure what Romans 11 has to do with this. I believe that all men have what is termed as "innate faith."
First, Jesus used little children as an example. Unless you be as little children you cannot enter into the kingdom of God, or have faith as a child. Their faith was very simplistic, trusting. They trusted their parents implicitly for all things.
Second, Jesus healed all who came to him whether they were saved or not. He healed often according to their faith even though they were not saved. They had faith in Christ as a healer, but not necessarily as a Savior or Messiah. Both Peter (Acts 516) healed all who came to them whether they were saved or not. But why did they all go out to be healed? Because they desired to be healed and believed they could be healed, not necessarily saved. Thus the unsaved demonstrates faith.
Third, we all have faith. It is the object of our faith that is important. We are commanded to put Jesus as the object of our faith. When he becomes the object of our faith (in opposition to money, the world, fame, etc.) then one can be saved.
You and I both agree that there will be a time when the blinding and deafness will be removed, until then, the declaration of Acts 17 remains a problem for those who want to embrace some views that engage in saying that there must be some innate ability in all humankind or God would not have given Acts 17.
God doesn't give a command that man cannot obey. Time after time he pleads for man to come to him with no strings attached.
Matthew 11:28 Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.
John 7:37 In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.
38 He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water.
Joh 5:24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.
Are you not neglecting Romans 8 and in particular the verses about the person who is of the flesh (unsaved)?
5 For those who are according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who are according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. 6 For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit is life and peace, 7 because the mind set on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so, 8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
This passage of Scripture follows Romans 7, which gives a struggle of the two natures. Paul continues the theme. He is talking about the believer, not the unbeliever. The believer can act out of the flesh. The mind of the believer can act hostile toward God. In fact James says it can be as the enemy of God (James 4:4). When the mind of the believer is set on the things of the world or the things of the flesh it is not subject to the law of God, neither can it be. Those believers that are in the flesh cannot please God.
Heb.11:6 says the same thing. Without faith it is impossible to please God. If you are not acting in faith you are acting out of the flesh.
The entire discussion is a continuation from Romans 7:
Rom 7:24 O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death?
Rom 7:25 I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord. So then with the mind I myself serve the law of God; but with the flesh the law of sin.
I want to point out that the "ministry of reconciliation" does not replace the one who actually reconciles and the "ambassador" only speaks what the authority that endows (or charges) the ambassador and allows the ambassador to spoke on the authorities behalf.
True. The Great Commission as stated in Mat.28:18-20 makes that clear. Jesus said, "All authority is given unto me."
But in vs. 20 he said, "and lo I am with you always..." He meant that we have always, access to that same authority, as we go into the world as ambassadors for him.
These are shown in the passages from you quote of 2 Corinthians 5 with the highlights you have given (thank you):
2 Corinthians 5:18 And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation;
19 To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation.
20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God.
21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
To those of the Cal thinking, there are some non-cals who would take the ministry as their ministry (that is what papists do by priestly duties) or that such ambassadorship is found within the capacity of the unsaved to self generate. I am not certain that you would consider a papist view, but do you hold that the unsaved have some innate ability to self - generate a spiritual tune acceptable to God?
I am not sure what you mean. Faith is faith and does not need to be "generated." It is innate. Little children have implicit faith in their parents. They came to Christ. Jesus said of a Roman centurion that he had more faith than all in Israel. He told Christ that he could heal his daughter without going to his house, but from afar. He had that faith. Yet, his faith was in Christ as a healer.
Cornelius was not saved but had faith in God.
The Lord Jesus states that He often (through prophets and others sent) desired Jerusalem to awaken to their need. But they would not. The same thinking is with that of pharaoh who would be given both testimony and signs, yet would harden his heart - and God confirming that hardness.
I believe that account gives evidence that Pharaoh had already hardened his heart. The Lord only continued to do what Pharaoh had initially done himself.
Jesus showed his compassion for all of Israel, though he knew they would reject him. He prayed for them all without discrimination, which is a demonstration of his love for the entire world, not just the elect.
That God knows, from eternity past, which hearts are already turned from light to embrace darkness (John 1) if follows that God only empowers those who have no turned to become His (John 1).
God knows from eternity past. That is true. But he does not influence in any way their choice to decide. Why would he do that? It is man's choice to choose or reject. The one's who crucified Christ will be held accountable for their actions even though it was prophesied. God did not force them to carry out this heinous crime.
Being repetitious, John (1) in no reading or rendering can be taken as God giving everyone equal opportunity. But takes those who do not turn from the light and empowers them to believe. These are not self empowered, nor do they know of the empowering, until such time as they are presented with the Gospel and the Holy Spirit gives them the New Birth.
And yet in Romans one, we see that they had a knowledge of the truth, deliberately turned from that knowledge, and worshiped idols instead. It clearly says that all mankind will stand before God and be "without excuse."
So, when one reads Acts 17 and tries to couple it with 2 Corinthians 5, there can be a move toward some view that does not maintain the standard and statements of the specific nature God must work through the command and the reconciliation offered by His ambassadors. This would of its own nature require that there be some human element in the empowerment, or some human ability in the Grace that implants belief expressed as faith.
The ambassador is God's human element, God's agent that is commanded to carry the gospel.
Faith is man's obligation to respond. Faith comes by hearing and hearing by the Word of God. But he must hear first.
He has the faith. Faith is not given to the unregenerate. It is salvation that is the gift, not faith. It must be received by faith.