Hello, Brother
@MennoSota
Vessels in Romans 9 is referring to Nations...One nation God raised up for Honor, another to Dishonor. God has used individual names to Describe a nation throughout the entire Bible. Israel is Jacob/Israel! Also, God refers to the Edomites in Chapter 1 of Malachi as "Esau". So here is a help to understand the correlation
Jeremiah 18
1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD: 2 "Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will let you hear my words."
3 So I went down to the potter's house, and there he was working at his wheel. 4 And the
vessel he was making of clay was spoiled in the potter's hand, and he reworked it into another
vessel, as it seemed good to the potter to do. 5 Then the word of the LORD came to me: 6 "O
house of Israel, can I not do with you as this potter has done? declares the LORD. Behold, like the clay in the potter's hand, so are you in my hand,
O house of Israel. 7 If at any time I declare concerning a nation or a kingdom, that I will pluck up and break down and destroy it, 8 and if that nation, concerning which I have spoken, turns from its evil, I will relent of the disaster that I intended to do to it.
The Lord also refers to the nations as clay vessels in Psalm 2 and the Book of Revelation, where they are smashed as if with a rod of iron on a clay vessle in judgment:
Psalm 2
8 Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. 9 You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter's
vessel."
So, you see, In Romans 9, Paul is using people as nations in the same way as God has done in previous writings.
Essentially, Paul is saying that God raised up a nation to Bring salvation and light (Jesus) to the world.