Hi Utilyan, thanks for your thoughtful contribution to the study of Paul's message.
1) My position (hopefully the biblical one) is both, God predestines some of our actions, and allows us to autonomously make our choices. That view precludes God being the author of sin.
2) Yes, it is easy to get confused when "called" is used in at least three different ways, (1) to invite or beckon (many are called), (2) to name something (Matthew called Levi) and (3 ) to change the status of someone (called as saints.)
3) Our individual election for salvation is accomplished through sanctification by the Spirit (the Holy Spirit baptizes us into the body of Christ) and faith in the truth (God chooses to credit our faith in Christ as righteousness.)
(4) Chosen... according to the foreknowledge of God the Father [refers to being chosen according to God's predetermined redemption plan], by the sanctifying work of the Spirit [who baptized us into Christ], to obey Jesus Christ and be sprinkled with His blood: May grace and peace be yours in the fullest measure.
(5) Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble; (2 Peter 1:10) Here "calling" is being used to mean invite or beckon.
(6) The bible refers to our "unformed substance" in the womb, and so during the whole 9 month period of growth into a fully formed baby, God knows us. He forms our spirit within us. Many times individuals were chosen from the womb for specific tasks, such as to be a prophet. None of these verses in any way support the fiction of God choosing foreseen individuals before creation. OTOH, we have 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14 which teaches we are chosen for salvation through faith in the truth, therefore during our lifetime after we put our trust in Christ. Ask yourself why God would choose us through faith in the truth if as some claim He already had chosen us as foreseen individuals before He created us?
"why God would choose us through faith in the truth if as some claim He already had chosen us as foreseen individuals before He created us?"
Education perhaps, to get to know you. I gave example of one person. But there are other examples far beyond "9 month" period. For example the prophecy of Babylonian captivity. We are talking about God making prophecy 800 years in advanced of certain "evil" to come.
Think about the Anti-Christ, he will be a human, is this guy predestined to damnation? You have prophecy of Judas, You don't think God knew this was going to happen?
You might ask does a merciful loving God work this way?
We are responsible for the measure of faith we are given. And some times God might deny one to actually save another.
Example:
Romans 11
30For just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy because of their disobedience, 31so these also now have been disobedient, that because of the mercy shown to you they also may now be shown mercy. 32For God has shut up all in disobedience so that He may show mercy to all.
The reason credited for these sinners being shown mercy, is because the disobedience of others. And it even extends that those who are NOW shown mercy to be the source of mercy to be shown to the disobedient.
God even grabs the good people ties them up with the sinners and says everyone is disobedient everyone is shown mercy.
God can have you turn evil absolutely and with force, he might already trust you "as is" he needs to exercise the faith of another at your expense. God will leave 99 for a lost one. 99 righteous and good people, he will dump them, sacrifice them, expend them for the sake of a lost one.
Don't take God's perspective as a judge. He is not called God the Judge, He is called God the Father. He is raising his children. Those who do evil are suffering, Those who do evil are afraid, They are victims to themselves too. A father will do what he can to set the stage for repentance.
Romans 11
13But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 14if somehow I might move to jealousy my fellow countrymen and save some of them. 15For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?
Ask yourself how is it that the rejection of Jesus Christ by the Jews equaled reconciliation to everyone else. He even adds what will it mean when the rejectors accept?
Can you imagine being thankful someone sinned and rejected? We don't thank them by saying hey keep sinning, so we get more grace. We thank them for what we got with what we got right? Faith in Christ.
Now some folks may feel well its looking pretty bleak for these folks or that folks, the cure for that is meet God. God is the absolute perfect Father. The guy we care for least God cares for them as if his only child.
God is a Father first. His children are going to come first, the opposite of selfish and cowardice.