Vers. 9-11.—
And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was before me—literally,
in my dream (sc. I was),
and behold a vine (
gephen, from the unused root
gaphan, to be bent, a twig, hence a plant which has twigs, especially a vine; cf.
1 before me. The introduction of the vine into the narrative, which has been pronounced (Bohlen) an important factor in proof of its recent composition, since, according to Herodotus (ii. 77), the vine was not cultivated in Egypt, and, according to Plutarch ('De Is. et Osir.,' 6), it was not till after Psammetichus,
i.e. about the time of Josiah, that the Egyptians began to drink wine, has now by more accurate study been ascertained to be in exact accordance, not only with Biblical statements. [
Nu 20:5;
Ps 78:47;
105:33] but likewise with the testimony of Herodotus, who affirms (2:37) that wine (oinov ajmpelenov) was a privilege of the priestly order, and with the representations on the monuments of vines and grapes, and of the entire process of wine-making (
vide Havernick's 'Introduction,' §21; Wilkinson's 'Ancient Egyptians,' 1:379,
et seqq. 430, 431, ed. 1878; Hengstenberg, 'Egypt,' p. 13; Rawlinson, 'Hist. Illus.,' p. 49; Thornley Smith, 'Joseph and his Times,' p. 58).
And in the vine were three branches:
— sarigim, tendrils of a vine, from
sarag, to intertwine;
2 —
and it was as though it budded, and her blossoms shot forth; — literally,
as it budded (Murphy); or, as though blossoming (Rosenmüller, Keil, Kalisch); it shot forth its blossom (Keil); or, its blossoms shot forth (Rosenmüller, Kalisch, Murphy)—
and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes:—more correctly, its stems caused to ripen, or matured, clusters, the
lKov]a, being the stalk of a cluster, as distinguished from the µybig or clusters themselves (Gesenius, 'Lex.,' p. 85), though interpreters generally (Kalisch, Keil, Murphy) regard the first as the unripe, and the second as the ripe, cluster—
and Pharaoh's cup—
szOK, a receptacle or vessel, either contracted from Sg,ke, like
vyai for
vg,ae (Gesenius), or derived from
aWK, to conceal, to receive, to keep, connected with the idea of bringing together, collecting into a thing (Furst)—
was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them—ejxeqliya (LXX),
expressi (Vulgate), a translation adopted by the most competent authorities (Gesenius, Furst, Rosenmüller, Keil, Kalisch, et
alii), though the sense of diluting with water is advocated by Dathe, Havernick ('Introd.,' §21), and others as the most appropriate signification of fjv; which occurs only here. That Pharaoh is represented as drinking the expressed juice of grapes is no proof that the Egyptians were not acquainted with fermentation, and did not drink fermented liquors. In numerous frescoes the process of fermentation is distinctly represented, and Herodotus testifies that though the use of grape wine was comparatively limited, the common people drank a wine made from barley: oinw d ejk kriqewn pepoihmenw (2:77)—i
nto Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand—literally,
I placed the cup upon Pharaoh'
s palm, pK"", used of Jacob's thigh-socket, [
Ge 32:26] meaning something hollowed out.
